Technology In Action © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1 Technology In Action Chapter 5 Using System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2 Topics • System software • Operating systems: – Kinds of systems – Common desktop systems – User interaction – Manage the processor – Manage memory © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 3 Topics • Operating systems: – Manage hardware – Interact with application software – Start the computer – Keep the computer organized • Desktop and windows features • Utility programs © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 4 System Software Operating systems System utilities • Control computer • Programs that perform functions: computer housekeeping – Hardware tasks: – Memory – Manage system resources – Improve efficiency – Application programs – Virus prevention – System maintenance • Provide user interface © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 5 Operating System Categories • Four categories: – Real-Time (RTOS) – Single-User, Single-Task – Single-User, Multitask – Multiuser © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 6 Real-Time Operating Systems • Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result • Uses include: – Industrial machines – Robotic equipment – Automobiles – Video game consoles – Home appliances © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 7 Single-User Operating Systems Single-task systems Multitask systems • Perform one task at a time • Perform simultaneous tasks • PDAs: • Windows – Pocket PC • MAC OS – Palm OS • Linux – Windows Mobile • MS-DOS © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 8 Multiuser Operating Systems • Known as network operating systems • Allow access to the computer system by more than one user • Manage user requests • Systems include: – UNIX – Novell Netware – Windows Server 2003 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 9 Desktop Operating Systems • Operating system combined with the processor is known as a platform – Microsoft Windows / Intel – Apple Macintosh / Motorola • Desktop operating systems include: – Microsoft Windows – MAC OS – UNIX – Linux © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 10 Microsoft Windows • Market leader – 90% market share Click to view the various Windows systems ThisIncludesFundamentallyFirstIntroducesThis operatingwidely upgrade better This upgrade systemgraphicsdifferentusedpointtoOffers Windows -PCand runs a -newclick includesto Windows NT fastercapabilitiesoperatinggraphicalcommands95multi and-user user with and additionaloffers file andintroducessysteminterfacea mouseWindowsdesktop more with and (GUI) as 98 protectionimprovements and WindowsWindows efficiently,keyboardincreasedoperatingincludesincludeswell as modest WindowsWindowsWindows incorporatesto file security WindowsWindowsXP introducesshortcutssecurity,system.multitaskingsystemimproved power, and Plug 200095NTME98 Internetand Internet 3.x andtheperformance,Improvedcapabilitiesbackupdigital abilityPlay media and to and (2001)(2000)1.02.0 Explorersupport. 4.0, a (1995)(1993)(1998) capabilities,overlapandpointdesktopmultimediafeatures -and - clickand (1985)(1990(1987)- customizable longwindows.multitaskingmouseapplications.capabilitiesInternet file names, 1992) taskbar, and shortscheduler.operations(suchcapabilities.-cut as and desktop rightmultitaskingMedia-click Player). features menus,capabilities. and a cleaner desktop. © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 11 Windows Vista • New OS to be introduced in 2007 Windows XP Versions Description Comparable Version Windows Vista Home Basic Low-level, budget home users. Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Home Edition with Combines media features of to support advanced home media features from Windows XP Windows Vista Home Premium uses such as HDTV and DVD authoring. Media Center Edition As its name implies, this version is aimed at the business market. Similar to Windows XP Professional, this version has added support for networking capabilities. This product comes bundled with a new version of Internet Information Services (IIS), the most widely used Web Windows Vista Business server for corporate Web sites. Windows XP Professional This edition is aimed at the enterprise segment of the business market and is not be available through retail stores or OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers). It comes with Microsoft Virtual PC, which enables it to run on any Windows Vista Enterprise platform, and has a multilingual user interface. This is the “ultimate” operating system for high-end PC users, gamers, multimedia professionals, and PC enthusiasts. Vista Ultimate comes with RSS (Real-time Simple Syndication) support for easy access to podcasts and weblogs, a game performance tweaker, DVD ripping capabilities, and other online capabilities for downloading Windows Vista Ultimate media. © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 12 MAC OS • First operating system with point-and-click technology (Graphical User Interface) • Excellent in: MAC OS X – Graphics display – Processing capabilities – System reliability – Document recovery • Fewer software applications © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 13 UNIX • Multiuser, multitask operating system • Used primarily with mainframes © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 14 Linux • Open-source operating system • Based on UNIX • Stable system • Free • May be downloaded through the Internet © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 15 What the Operating System Does • Provides user interface • Manages the CPU • Manages memory • Manages hardware • Coordinates application software with the CPU © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 16 The User Interface • Enables you to interact with the Command-driven computer • Types of interfaces: – Command-driven interface Menu-driven – Menu-driven interface – Graphical user interface Graphical © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 17 Processor Management • Controls the timing of events the processor works on – Interrupts – Interrupt handler © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 18 Memory Management • The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data RAM Operating System © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 19 Virtual Memory • Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full – Swap file – Paging – Thrashing FULL Operating System © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 20 Hardware Management • Device drivers: – Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices – Provided by the manufacturer of the device • Plug and Play: – Hardware and software standard – Facilitates the installation of new hardware © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 21 Software Application Coordination • Application programming interfaces (APIs): – Blocks of code contained in the operating system – Coordinates the operating system with software applications • Similar toolbars and menus – Microsoft Direct X © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 22 Starting the Computer The Boot Process • Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated 2 • Step 2: A Power-on self-test (POST) checks attached 1 hardware 3 • Step 3: The operating system loads into memory • Step 4: Configuration and 4 customization settings are checked © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 23 Handling Errors in the Boot Process • Non-system disk or disk error – Remove the floppy from the drive and press any key • POST errors – Single beep: Everything is loading properly – Series of beeps: Hardware problem • Safe mode – Windows does not boot properly – Uninstall any new devices or software © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 24 Click to view Desktop features The Desktop B ____________MY DOCUMENTS I • Desktop features:_________TOOLBAR C ____________MY COMPUTER – Shortcut icons – My Documents A _______________SHORTCUT ICONS – Start button – Quick launch – Open_________OPEN programs – Taskbar_________PROGRAMS ___________SYSTEM TRAY D ____________START BUTTON _________TASKBAR – SystemF tray G H E ____________QUICK LAUNCH– toolbar © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 25 Start Menu Click to view Start menu features USER____________ NAME A B _______________PINNED ITEMS LIST C _______________SPECIAL FOLDERS _______________SYSTEM AREA MOST FREQUENTLY G HELP _______________ _______________ USED LIST ALL PROGRAMS BUTTON___________ D F _______________SHUT DOWN/RESTART _____________USER LOG OFF E © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 26 Click to view Window features Window TITLE__________ BAR A MENU__________ BAR B G _______________SIZING BUTTONS TOOLBARS__________ C F SCROLLBARS____________ VIEW______________ OPTIONS D STATUS____________ BAR E © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 27 File Management • The operating system provides an organizational structure to the computer’s contents • Hierarchical structure of directories: – Drives • Folders Subfolders » Files © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 28 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Windows Explorer – Tiles View © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 29 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Windows Explorer – Thumbnail View © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 30 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Windows Explorer – Icon view © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 31 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Windows Explorer – List View © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 32 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Windows Explorer – Detail View – Sorted and grouped © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 33 Naming Files • Filename: – Name assigned plus filename extension Bioreport.doc • only characters not or legal in filenames are: Bio report.doc \ ⁄ : * ? " < > ¦ • all others are allowed © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 34 Filename Extensions • Filename Extension Type of Document Application .doc Word processing Microsoft Word; extensions: document Corel WordPerfect – Used by .xls Workbook Microsoft Excel programs .ppt PowerPoint Microsoft presentation PowerPoint .mdb Database Microsoft Access .bmp Bitmap image Windows .zip