Soil Microbiology and Its Effects on Nutrient Availability and Uptake in Plants (and other things) Kate Scow [email protected] Dept. of Land, Air & Water Resources Agricultural Sustainability Institute Outline • Soil biodiversity and farming (short film) • Role of soil microbes in growing things – Organic matter – Nitrogen cycling – Phosphorus cycling – Soil structure • Managing soil biology for plant growth and sustainability • Indicators—how do we measure how we are doing? • Discussion Film Above ground diversity is often intentionally low in managed systems Most ecoecosystems concentrate biodiversity belowground Soil is one of most diverse microbial habitats: Thousands of “species” can be detected in gram of soil. Most not yet iden>fied nor their funcon(s) known. Microbes include: Bacteria, Archaea, and Fungi. Of bacteria and archaea, ~1500 different taxa detected in CA cropping systems. Types of soil organisms centipede rove pseudo scorpion beetle ant flatworm mite ground beetle adult fly fly roundworms larvae rove beetle mite beetle bacteria millipede fungi archaea snail archaea mite And archaea and fungi earthworm organic debris diagram berdasarkan konsep Dr. Daniel Dindal, 1978 3 Breakdown wastes, make Remove pesticides and compost nutrients in buffer strips Build soil Contribute to structure biodiversity Develop antibiotic resistence (or not) Contaminate food (or not) Support plant and animals via mutualism Sequester carbon Fix nitrogen Biodegrade pesticides in field Source/sink Build soil of GHG organic matter Control and cycle Support farmer’s Fight/suppress pests (IPM) publications/explore/images/scenewide2.jpg publications/explore/images/scenewide2.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sare.org/ plant nutrients digestion and immunity How microorganisms contribute to farms and gardens (the good, the bad and the ugly) Microbes tightly coupled with plants and soil: can’t decouple biodiversity from soil Drivers Climate Management Crop rotation Organic Resource Quality Tillage Water/ Nutrient Supply Plant and Factors Soil Soil Properties Biodiversity and processes Synchrony Carbon e.g., Organic Processes Maintaining and matter, texture soil Nutrient structure Cycles Nutrient Use Efficiency Water Use Efficiency Services Carbon Sequestration Water/Nutrient Use Water/Nutrient Sustainable Agroecosystems Adapted from Brussaard et al. 2007 BUILDING Climate Management Crop rotation ORGANIC MATTER Organic Resource Quality Tillage Plant and Soil Soil Properties Biodiversity and processes Carbon e.g., Organic and Maintaining matter, texture soil Nutrient structure Cycles Nutrient Use Efficiency Water Use Efficiency Carbon Sequestration Soil organic matter (SOM) formation Microbes are enzymatic drivers and also “feedstock” for SOM Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property (2011) Schmidt et al. Nature 478, 49–56 News Articles Videos Images Books Reference Search ... Go Health & Medicine Mind & Brain Plants & Animals Earth & Climate Space & Time Matter & Energy Computers & Math Fossils & Ruins Science News ... from universities, journals, and other research organizations Save Email Print Share Fertile Soil Doesn't Fall from the Sky: Contribution of Bacterial Just In: Older Adults Made Less Forgetful Remnants to Soil Fertility Has Been Underestimated Until Now more breaking science news Dec. 14, 2012 — Remains of dead bacteria have Social Networks enlarge far greater meaning for soils than previously Recommend ScienceDaily on Facebook, Twitter, assumed. Around 40 per cent of the microbial and Google +1: biomass is converted to organic soil components, 47,738 people like this. Be the first News Articles Videos Images Books Reference Search ... L ikGeo Send write researchers from the Helmholtz Centre for of your friends. 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