ARTHRITIS BY THE NUMBERS Book of Trusted Facts & Figures 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................4 Medical/Cost Burden .................................... 26 What the Numbers Mean – SECTION 1: GENERAL ARTHRITIS FACTS ....5 Craig’s Story: Words of Wisdom What is Arthritis? ...............................5 About Living With Gout & OA ........................ 27 Prevalence ................................................... 5 • Age and Gender ................................................................ 5 SECTION 4: • Change Over Time ............................................................ 7 • Factors to Consider ............................................................ 7 AUTOIMMUNE ARTHRITIS ..................28 Pain and Other Health Burdens ..................... 8 A Related Group of Employment Impact and Medical Cost Burden ... 9 Rheumatoid Diseases .........................28 New Research Contributes to Osteoporosis .....................................9 Understanding Why Someone Develops Autoimmune Disease ..................... 28 Who’s Affected? ........................................... 10 • Genetic and Epigenetic Implications ................................ 29 Prevalence ................................................... 10 • Microbiome Implications ................................................... 29 Health Burdens ............................................. 11 • Stress Implications .............................................................. 29 Economic Burdens ......................................... 12 Prevention .................................................... 12 Living With RA – Bonnie’s Story .................... 30 SECTION 2: OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) ...........13 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) ..................31 What is Osteoarthritis (OA)? ..............13 Prevalence ................................................... 31 Health Burdens ............................................ 31 Living With OA – Raquel’s Story .................... 14 Medical/Cost Burdens .................................. 32 Work/Employment Impact ........................... 32 Prevalence of OA .......................................... 15 What the Numbers Mean, Eileen’s Story: • Gender, Race and Ethnicity .....................................15 Words of Wisdom About Living With RA ....... 33 Pain and Other Health Burdens ..................... 15 • Knees .................................................................................. 16 • Hips ..................................................................................... 17 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • Hands .................................................................................. 17 (SLE or Lupus) ....................................34 • Shoulders ..............................................................17 Prevalence ................................................... 34 Economic Burdens ......................................... 18 • Racial Distribution .............................................................. 34 Global Prevalence and Burden ...................... 19 Human and Economic Burdens ...................... 35 • Australia .............................................................................. 19 Comorbidities and Health Burdens ................ 36 • United Kingdom ................................................................. 19 • Kidney Involvement ............................................................ 36 • Spain ................................................................................... 19 • Joint Involvement ................................................................ 37 • Pregnancy Impact .............................................................. 37 Living With Military OA – Nick’s Story ........... 20 Employment/Economic Impact ...................... 37 Medical/Cost Burdens .................................. 38 Prevalence in the Military OA ........................ 21 • Tactical Athletes .................................................................. 21 What the Numbers Mean, Liz’s Story: • Human and Economic Burden .......................................... 22 Support Networks Help ................................ 39 What the Numbers Mean, Kathy’s Story: Rethinking Life With Severe OA .................... 23 Sjögren’s Syndrome ..........................40 Prevalence (Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome) .... 40 Comorbidities (Secondary Sjögren’s SECTION 3: GOUT ...............................24 Syndrome) ................................................... 40 What is Gout? ....................................................24 Health Burdens ............................................. 41 Prevalence ................................................... 24 • Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome • Gout in Women .................................................................. 25 with Rheumatoid Arthritis ................................................... 43 Health Burdens ............................................ 25 • Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome with Lupus ..................... 43 Work/Employment Impact ........................... 25 • Juvenile-onset Sjögren’s Syndrome .................................. 43 Arthritis Foundation - 2 - Arthritis By the Numbers Work/Employment Impact ........................... 43 Prevalence ................................................... 60 Medical/Cost Burdens ................................. 43 Scleroderma .....................................44 Living With JIA – Laniese’s Story ................... 61 Prevalence ................................................... 44 Health Burdens ............................................. 44 Health Burdens ............................................. 62 Economic Burdens ......................................... 45 • Biologics and Small-Molecule Targeted Therapies for Arthritis ......................................................................... 63 • Mental Health Impact ........................................................ 63 Spondyloarthritis (SpA) .....................45 • School and Social Impact ................................................. 64 General Prevalence ...................................... 46 Economic Burdens ......................................... 64 Living With AS – Daniel’s Story ..................... 47 What the Numbers Mean, Soler Family’s Story: I Know Just Enough to Know I Don’t Know Ankylosing Spondyloarthritis (AS) .....48 Enough ......................................................... 65 • Prevalence ......................................................................... 48 • Human and Economic Burdens ......................................... 48 Juvenile-onset Systemic Living With PsA – Meg’s Story ....................... 49 Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus) ............66 Prevalence ................................................... 66 Health Burdens ............................................. 66 Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) .......................50 • Mental Health Impact ........................................................ 67 Prevalence ................................................... 50 • School and Social Impact ................................................. 68 Health Burdens ............................................. 50 Economic Burdens ......................................... 51 Juvenile-onset Scleroderma ..............68 Prevalence ................................................... 68 What the Numbers Mean, Karen’s Story: Health Burdens ............................................. 69 Take Care of Yourself .................................... 52 • Juvenile Localized Scleroderma ....................................... 69 • Juvenile Systemic Sclerderma ........................................... 69 Living With Fibromyalgia – Renee’s Story...... 53 Juvenile Myositis (JM) ........................69 SECTION 5: FIBROMYALGIA ..............54 Prevalence ................................................... 70 What is Fibromyalgia? .......................54 Health Burdens ............................................. 70 Prevalence ................................................... 54 • Juvenile Myositis ................................................................ 70 Health Burdens and Disease Triggers ............ 54 • Juvenile Dermatomyositis................................................... 70 Economic Burdens ......................................... 55 Currently recommended treatments .............. 55 Conclusion .........................................71 Juvenile-onset Fibromyalgia .............55 References ........................................73 Prevalence ................................................... 56 Health Burdens ............................................. 56 • Mental Health Impact ........................................................ 57 Appendix 1: Types of Arthritis ...........93 • School and Social Impact ................................................. 57 • Currently Recommended Treatments ................................ 57 Appendix 2: Arthritis Foundation - funded Research ................................94 SECTION 6: JUVENILE ARTHRITIS ......58 Acknowledgments .............................97 Living With JA – Sophie’s Story ..................... 59 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) ................... 60 Arthritis Foundation - 3 - Arthritis By the Numbers INTRODUCTION From its inception, Arthritis by the Numbers has been designed to be used by a wide audience as a trustworthy set of verified facts