s d l x e p a n Shaping Ageing Cities b 10 European case studies b #shapingageingcities n d a i Shaping Ageing Cities 10 European case studies Project Director Mauro Oliveri Director, Arup Project Manager Stefano Recalcati Associate, Arup Research Team Arup Demetrio Scopelliti , Architect Francesca Baldessari, Architect Serena Girani, Architect Nicola Walt, Senior Consultant Chiara Fraticelli , Sponsored student Help Age International Sion Eryl Jones , Policy Programme Offi cer Intel David Prendergast, Anthropologist, Intel Labs Europe Chiara Garatt ini, Health & Life Sciences Research Duncan Wilson, Director, ICRI Cities Réka Pétercsák, Researcher, Maynooth University Systematica Diego Deponte, Partner Giuseppe Alizzi, Architect Giulia Boni, Architect Dante Presicce, Urban Planner With the contribution of Alexandre Kalache, Megumi Kano, Louise Plouff e, Lisa Warth Current and past World Health Organization offi cers Ricky Burdett Director, LSE Cities and Urban Age Programme Gimmi Trombett a Country Division Lead Mobility, Siemens Carlo Ratt i Director, SENSEable City Lab, MIT Cover Luca Orlandini, Arup (photo by Carlos Lorenzo) Graphic design Demetrio Scopelliti, Arup Text editing Serena Girani , Arup Sion Eryl Jones, HelpAge International The author acknowledges from the onset possible unintentional omission of any credits ©2015 Arup, Help Age International, Intel, Systematica. All rights reserved. Shaping Ageing Cities 10 European case studies #shapingageingcities Contents 1 THE AGEING TREND 8 The meaning of ageing 10 Writt en by Sion Jones, HelpAge International. Data and graphics by Arup. Ageing in cities: a framework 12 Writt en by Sion Jones, HelpAge International. Data and graphics by Arup. The world is ageing 14 Writt en by Sion Jones, HelpAge International. Data and graphics by Arup. Europe is already aged 16 Writt en by Sion Jones, HelpAge International. Data and graphics by Arup. European cities are... 18 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Urban ageing trends 20 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. 2 AGEING IN EUROPEAN CITIES 22 10 European cities 24 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Methodology 26 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Maps of ageing 28 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Ageing and built environment. 30 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Ageing and mobility 32 Writt en by Systematica. Data and graphics by Arup and Systematica. Ageing and digital environment 34 Writt en by Intel. Data and graphics by Arup. Society 36 Demography 38 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Living conditions 40 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Built environment 42 Aged neighborhoods 44 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Aged housing types 46 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Mobility 48 Modes of transport 50 Writt en by Systematica. Data by Systematica and graphics by Arup. Accessibility 52 Writt en by Systematica. Data and graphics by Systematica. Digital environment 54 Ageing, internet and smartphones 56 Writt en by Intel. Data by Intel, graphics by Arup. Ageing and social networks 58 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. 3 MAPPING THE AGEING CITY 60 Patt erns of ageing: Milan 62 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Demographics 64 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Urban structure and ageing blocks 66 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Society 68 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Built environment 70 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. Mobility 72 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup and Systematica. Digital environment 74 Writt en by Arup. Data and graphics by Arup. 4 SHAPING THE AGEING CITY 76 Society 78 Writt en by Sion Jones, HelpAge International. Built environment 82 Writt en by Arup. Mobility 86 Writt en by Systematica. Digital environment 90 Writt en by Arup. Glossary 94 Bibliography 98 Our team Arup is a global fi rm of designers, engineers, planners and HelpAge International helps older people claim their rights, business consultants providing a diverse range of professional challenge discrimination and overcome poverty, so that they can services to clients around the world. lead dignifi ed, secure, active and healthy lives. We have more than 10,000 staff located in 92 offi ces in 37 Our work is strengthened through our global network of like- countries. At any one time, we have over 10,000 projects under minded organisations – the only one of its kind in the world. design or construction. HelpAge helps older people claim their rights, challenge We are renowned for our specialist expertise in multiple discrimination and overcome poverty, so that they can lead disciplines encompassing all aspects of the built environment. At dignifi ed, secure, active and healthy lives. the same time, we are dedicated to an interdisciplinary approach In the past year, we have reached 1.5 million of the world’s that brings our full complement of skills and knowledge to each vulnerable older people and their families, including improving project. Since our inception in 1946, we have been the creative pension schemes in 14 countries and supporting 250,000 older force behind many of the world’s most innovative and sustainable people in accessing health services. Read more about our designs. achievements. Arup has three main global business areas – buildings, We work in over 65 countries with more than 100 Affi liates and 180 infrastructure and consulting – although our multi-disciplinary other partners across all continents. approach means that any given project may involve people from We have six regional development centres and offi ces in London, any or all of the sectors in which we operate. UK and Brussels, Belgium from which we support our work around Our fundamental aim is to bring together the best professional the world. team in the world to meet our clients’ needs. Intel Research, Development and Innovation in Europe is driven by Systematica, a planning and engineering consultancy fi rm a network of research, product development and innovation labs specialized in Town & Transport Planning, with offi ces in Milan, spanning the region as well as a variety of Intel business units. Intel Cagliari, Beirut and Mumbai, was established in 1989. Labs Europe (ILE) was formally established in early 2009 as a central Systematica studies, plans and designs infrastructure and transport means of coordinating activities across a diverse and extensive systems at all levels, ranging from regional to urban and development network, and to strengthen and improve Intel’s alignment with scale. In particular, the company addresses urban transformation European Research and Development. The ILE network consists on a medium and large scale, the implementation of intermodal of more than fi ft y R&D locations employing more than 5,000 R&D nodes and complex building structures ensuring adequate levels professionals. of sustainability and multi-modal accessibility, as well as the Intel Health and Life Sciences Group aims at leading the industry requalifi cation of urban public places and large urban districts. to deliver bett er experiences for patients and those who care for Endowed with a high profi le Scientifi c Advisory Committ ee, them with innovative thinking and people-centered research. We’re Systematica operates in Italy and abroad, particularly in bringing what we do best – computing innovation – to help move geographical areas characterised by strong levels of economic and health and life science industries into a new era of improved quality, demographic growth, such as those in the Mediterranean basin, aff ordability, and access for billions of people worldwide. North Africa, The United Arab Emirates, South America, Russia, India The Intel Collaborative Research Institute for Sustainable and the Far East. Connected Cities (ICRI Cities) is concerned with how to enhance the Systematica guarantees to its Clients quality and competence as social, economic and environmental wellbeing of cities by advancing strategic advisors in the services of consulting, planning and design. compute, communication and social constructs to deliver innovations in system architecture, algorithms and societal participation. Introduction The following study responds to two key issues: the global population is ageing at an unprecedented rate, and the global urban population is now larger than the rural population. In 2050, 70% of the world’s population is predicted to live in cities, and the number of people aged over 65, are expected to triple to 2 billion, representing 22% of the total. In 2050, for the fi rst time in human history, the number of older people will be greater than the number of children under 15 years old. China, India and the United States, will each have over 100 million people aged over 65. In Europe, many countries are already facing these issues. In fact, ageing is one of the greatest economic and social challenges that OECD countries are facing, representing a radical demographic change comparable to the industrial revolution. The shift is dramatic, especially in Spain, Portugal, Italy and Germany: the countries where the ten most aged major cities in Europe are located. Are we ready to respond to this societal change? What issues, challenges and opportunities do older people face on a day to day basis in an urban context? What are the challenges and opportunities resulting from an ageing urban population? How can cities respond to this demographic change and deliver appropriate solutions? Cities and urban environments, as the places where human lived experience are concentrated, have the potential to help us in understanding the method with which to mitigate, adapt to or manage societal changes. Thus, they have a fundamental role in defi ning how to respond to our ageing society. ‘Shaping ageing cities’ is a comparative overview of the structure, both social and physical, of 10 selected cities, referring to population ageing data and refl ecting through the lenses of society, mobility, the built and digital environments.