MBS Transactions 2014 Outer Cover_Mon Brass Soc trans cover 20/09/2014 09:54 Page 1 TRANSACTIONS OF THEBRASS MONUMENTAL SOCIETY 1, 2014 XIX, PART VOLUME Monumental Brass Society Volume XIX, Part 1, 2014. ISSN 0143-1250 Monumental Brass Society Editorial 1 2014 The Brass and Seal of John Trillek (d. 1360), Bishop of Hereford: some comparative thoughts 2 Elizabeth New ‘Pause and pray with mournful heart’: Late Medieval Clerical Monuments in Lincoln Cathedral 15 David Lepine John Waryn and his Cadaver Brass, formerly in Menheniot Church, Cornwall 41 Paul Cockerham and Nicholas Orme The Victor of St. George’s Cay: Commander John Ralph Moss, R.N. (1759-99) 57 Michael Harris Conservation of Brasses, 2013 81 William Lack Contributors are solely responsible for all views and opinions contained in the Transactions, which do not necessarily represent those of the Society. © Monumental Brass Society and the authors, 2014 Registered Charity No. 214336 www.mbs-brasses.co.uk TRANSACTIONS MBS Transactions 2014 Inner Cover_Mon Brass Soc trans cover 28/09/2014 12:18 Page 1 Monumental Brass Society Monumental Brass Society Volume XIX, Part 1, 2014. ISSN 0143-1250 (Founded in 1887 as the Cambridge University Association of Brass Collectors) President H.M. Stuchfield, M.B.E., J.P., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. Editorial 1 Vice-Presidents Rev. Fr. J.F.A. Bertram, M.A., F.S.A. The Tomb and Seal of John Trillek, Bishop of Hereford: P.D. Cockerham, M.A., Ph.D., Vet.M.B., F.S.A., M.R.C.V.S. Prof. N.E. Saul, M.A., D.Phil., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. some comparative thoughts 2 N.J. Rogers, M.A., M.Litt., F.S.A. Elizabeth New Ven. D.G. Meara, M.A., F.S.A. S.G.H. Freeth, B.A., Dip.Arch.Admin., F.S.A. ‘Pause and pray with mournful heart’: Hon. Secretary Late Medieval Clerical Monuments in Lincoln Cathedral 15 C.O. Steer, M.A., Ph.D. David Lepine Hon. Treasurer Mrs. J.A. Lutkin, M.A., Ph.D. John Waryn and his Cadaver Brass, formerly in Menheniot Church, Cornwall 41 Hon. Editor Paul Cockerham and Nicholas Orme N.J. Rogers, M.A., M.Litt., F.S.A. Hon. Bulletin Editor The Victor of St. George’s Cay: W.G. Lack, B.Sc. Commander John Ralph Moss, R.N. (1759-99) 57 Michael Harris Additional members of Executive Council S.J.Z. Ali, B.A. D.A. Chivers, B.A.(Hons.), F.S.A., F.R.G.S. Conservation of Brasses, 2013 81 R.C. Kinsey, M.A., Ph.D. William Lack Dr. J.E. McQueen, B.Sc., B.A., M.B., B.S. J.L.H. Moor, LL.B.(Hons.), B.A.(Hons.) Ms J. Whitham, B.Ed.(Hons.) All communications regarding membership, the general conditions of the Society, etc., to be addressed to the Hon. Secretary, Christian Steer, M.A., Ph.D., 8 Shefford Lodge, Link Road, Newbury, Berkshire RG14 7LR; editorial matter to the Hon. Editor, Nicholas Rogers, M.A., M.Litt., F.S.A., c/o The Muniment Room, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge CB2 3HU, who will be pleased to supply Notes for Contributors Contributors are solely responsible for all views and opinions contained in the Transactions, which do not and to discuss proposed articles. necessarily represent those of the Society. © Monumental Brass Society and the authors, 2014 Cover: Palimpsest reverse (two weepers and curved marginal inscription, Flemish, Registered Charity No. 214336 engraved c.1470) of part of the inscription from the brass to Bridget Coo, 1580, www.mbs-brasses.co.uk and her two husbands from Orford, Suffolk (M.S.IX). Photo.: © Martin Stuchfield. Editorial This year marks the centenary of the outbreak Belgium, most notably as a result of the of the First World War. When the members destruction of the churches at Nieuwpoort of the Monumental Brass Society met at the and Ieper. A fragment of one of the Police Institute, Adam Street, Adelphi, for Nieuwpoort brasses was picked up by an the Annual General Meeting on 30 April 1914 English soldier returning on leave and spent they can have had no idea, despite a worrying the next decade in use as a fire screen in a deficit of £7 1s. 7d., that the Society was about cottage, before being identified and returned to go into abeyance for twenty years. to Flanders. Antiquarian researches gave place to more dangerous pursuits: E. Bertram Smith served At the war’s end many of the thousands of with the Friends Ambulance Unit in France; individual and communal memorials took J.L. Myres commanded raiding operations on the form of monumental brasses. Those in the Turkish coast; and Philip Walter Kerr, the Great Britain are being recorded for the County future Rouge Croix Pursuivant, saw action in Series. Others remain to be discovered in the German South-West Africa and on the Western dominions and colonies and on the Continent, Front. At least one member was killed in action: such as the remarkable series of Bavarian Captain John Richard Webster died on the regimental brasses in the St. Johannis Friedhof, Somme on 9 September 1916 and is one of Nürnberg. Much useful information about war some 72,000 commemorated on the Thiepval memorials can be gathered from websites, most Memorial. notably the War Memorials Archive of the Imperial War Museum and, for Germany and Although there was not such an extensive loss Austria, the Onlineprojekt Gefallenendenkmäler. of monuments as in the Second World War, Over the next few years some of these brasses and incised slabs were casualties of the memorials will be featured in the Transactions bombardments in Northern France and and the Bulletin. The Tomb and Seal of John Trillek, Bishop of Hereford: some comparative thoughts 2 Fig. 1. John Trillek, bishop of Hereford, Hereford Cathedral (photo.: Hereford Cathedral Library and Archives) (reproduced by permission of the Dean and Chapter of Hereford Cathedral) The Tomb and Seal of John Trillek, Bishop of Hereford: some comparative thoughts Elizabeth New This essay seeks to consider the relationship between individual commemorated by the effigy as a the monumental brass of John Trillek1 and his member of the episcopate, which may be read episcopal seal of dignity. More broadly, using Trillek in the context of creating a corporate lineage (and, to a lesser extent, the memorial and seal of within the cathedral.4 In life, Trillek had been another bishop of Hereford, Thomas Cantilupe) as a represented by his seal, which contained an case-study, the following discussion will demonstrate image that was just as striking as that on his that a consideration of sigillographic material tomb, and which, through a combination of can add substantially to our understanding and motif and words similar to those displayed on contextualization of medieval brasses, particularly in his memorial, identified Trillek as an individual relation to their manufacture and purpose. and as a member of a specific group.5 This close relationship between Trillek’s seal The magnificent brass commemorating and brass will form the core of this essay. John Trillek (d. 1360), bishop of Hereford, While the stylistic and iconographic similarities is well known, not least because it is one of between the two objects will be considered in the earliest extant full-length figures from the some detail, the meaning and purpose behind London B workshop (Fig. 1).2 The restored them will be a central theme. Furthermore, inscription lauds Trillek as a ‘pleasing, wise and although this essay will focus on Trillek, a pious man’, (vir gratus prudens pius) while principal aim is to demonstrate the crucial Malcolm Norris described the image on the importance of other media that were available brass as a ‘dignified figure’.3 Above all, the to convey self-representation, and in particular figure of a bishop in full pontificals, holding a to include sigillographic material when pastoral staff and blessing, clearly identifies the considering monumental brasses. 1 The spelling of Bishop John’s family name employed 4 The idea of tombs as part of the construct of episcopal in this article is that used by the Oxford Dictionary lineage has recently been discussed by a number of of National Biography and the most recent history of scholars. See for example P.G. Lindley, ‘Retrospective Hereford Cathedral. effigies, the past and lies’ in Medieval Art, Architecture and 2 P. Heseltine and H.M. Stuchfield, The Monumental Archaeology at Hereford, ed. D. Whitehead, British Brasses of Hereford Cathedral (London, 2005), pp. 11-12; Archaeological Association Conference Trans., S. Badham, ‘The Brasses, and Other Minor 15 (London, 1995), pp. 111-21; N. Saul, English Church Monuments’ in Hereford Cathedral: A History, Monuments: History and Representation (Oxford, 2009), ed. G. Aylmer and J. Tiller (London, 2000), pp. 331-5, pp. 180-1; R. Biebrach, ‘The medieval episcopal at p. 333, fig. 100. As can been seen from Fig. 1 in the monuments in Llandaff Cathedral’, Archaeologia present essay, Badham’s assertion that ‘only the figure Cambrensis, CLIX (2010), pp. 221-39. is original medieval work’ is inaccurate since fragments 5 The origin, use and form of the episcopal seal of of the original canopy and shafts also survive. Trillek’s dignity (the principal seal of a bishop) and subsidiary brass was the model for Pugin’s design for the seals are discussed in W.St.J. Hope, ‘The Seals of memorial to Bishop John Milner (d. 1826) in English Bishops’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries, Oscott College Chapel; see MBS Bulletin, 99 2nd series, II (1885-87), pp. 271-306. From the late (May 2005), cover illustration and p.