editor Shawn Malia Kanaÿiaupuni Manuscript Guidelines associate editor / managing editor Matthew Corry Hülili welcomes manuscripts from both established and emerging scholars involved in research on Hawaiian well-being from diverse fields such as economics, education, family resources, government, health, history, psychology, sociology, natural resource management, Editorial Board and religion. We welcome manuscripts with an empirical focus as well as contributions at Naleen N. Andrade Marjorie Mau the cutting edge of theoretical debates and practice in these fields. University of Hawaiÿi–Mänoa University of Hawaiÿi–Mänoa Manuscripts should be addressed to Hülili, Kamehameha Schools, 567 South King Street, Claire Asam Davianna McGregor Suite 400, Honolulu, Hawaiÿi 96813. Please submit one hard copy along with an electronic Queen Lili‘uokalani Children’s Center University of Hawaiÿi–Mänoa file on CD. Any photos and charts should be submitted as 300 dpi tiff files. Maenette K. P. Benham Manulani Aluli-Meyer Manuscripts typically must not be previously published or be under consideration with Michigan State University University of Hawaiÿi–Hilo another publication. The editorial board may make exceptions for published materials that are central to the knowledge base of Hawaiian well-being and that would otherwise have Kekuni Blaisdell Rona Rodenhurst limited distribution. University of Hawaiÿi–Mänoa Waimea Valley Audubon Center Robin Puanani Danner Matthew Snipp While there is no page limit for articles, content should be concise and relevant. Council for Native Hawaiian Advancement Stanford University Provide an abstract of approximately 120 words. Manu Kaÿiama Roland G. Tharp University of Hawaiÿi–Mänoa University of California–Santa Cruz Provide a title page with the title of the article, author’s name, author’s affiliation, and suggested running head (less than 50 characters and spaces). The title page should also J. Kehaulani Kauanui Jo Ann U. Tsark include the author’s complete mailing address, email, and a brief bio. Wesleyan University Papa Ola Lökahi Style consistent with the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Alice J. Kawakami Linda Tuhiwai Smith (5th Edition) is preferred. Provide appropriate citations, including source citations for all University of Hawaiÿi–Mänoa University of Auckland tables, charts, and figures. Figures and tables are to be numbered in consecutive series Morris Lai Ben Young (with Arabic numerals) and should be cited in the text. University of Hawaiÿi–Mänoa University of Hawaiÿi–Mänoa Include a complete and accurate reference list at the end of the manuscript. References Teresa Makuakäne-Drechsel Kanalu G. Terry Young should be referred to in text by name and year. Kamehameha Schools University of Hawaiÿi–Mänoa Use endnotes only when necessary. Endnotes should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals and added at the end of the manuscript, after the references. Hülili is a multidisciplinary forum for current research that examines the nature, needs, and Utilize a Hawaiian font to display proper diacritical markings (ÿokina and kahakö) in all text, strengths of Hawaiians, their families, and their communities. Through collaboration and charts, endnotes, citations, and appendices. critique, Hülili fosters new connections and shared insights to mobilize greater Hawaiian well-being. Prior to submission, manuscripts should be checked for content, editorial style, and consistency in citations of references, tables, and figures. Manuscripts will be returned for Hülili is published annually by Kamehameha Schools, Honolulu, Hawaiÿi, USA. The revision at the discretion of the editors. opinions expressed in the articles reflect those of the authors and do not represent the staff, management, or trustees of Kamehameha Schools. Authors submitting articles agree to allow Kamehameha Schools to publish the articles digitally as well as in print form. Kamehameha Schools fully honors the intellectual rights Correspondence may be sent to Hülili, Kamehameha Schools, 567 South King Street, of all contributors. Suite 400, Honolulu, Hawaiÿi 96813. For more information about Hülili, please visit the Hawai‘i Digital Library at www.hawaiidigitallibrary.org. cover: Ho‘okupu © 2006 by Harinani Orme Hülili Multidisciplinary Research on Hawaiian Well-Being 2006 volume 3 | number 1 Kamehameha Schools Research and Evaluation Division contents From the Editor v Invited Essays The Hour of Remembering 9 Elizabeth Kapuÿuwailani Lindsey On Being Hawaiian 19 Jonathan Osorio Grounding Hawaiian Learners—and Teachers— COVER ART: “Hoÿokupu” (Offering) by Harinani Orme, MFA in Their Indigenous Identity 27 16" x 16", acrylic on watercolor paper Monica A. Kaÿimipono Kaiwi Hoÿokupu. To cause growth, sprouting; to sprout. Hoÿokupu. Tribute, tax, ceremonial gift-giving to a chief as a sign of honor and respect; to pay such tribute. (Pukui, M. K., & Elbert, S. H. [1986]. Hawaiian dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaiÿi Press.) Hoÿokupu is a traditional protocol among Känaka Maoli ÿo Hawaiÿi (indigenous people of Hawaiÿi) that is Research Perspectives dictated by höÿihi (respect) for the host, land, ancestors, or gods. It establishes a connection between the giver and the receiver that is culturally appropriate. Kaupapa Mäori Research and Päkehä Social Science: Born in Honolulu, Hawaiÿi, Harinani Orme earned a BFA in printmaking at the University of Hawaiÿi– Mänoa and an MFA in printmaking at the Pratt Institute in New York. Harinani’s background as a Epistemological Tensions in a Study of Mäori Health 41 printmaker is evident in her drawings and paintings, illustrating the relationship between Känaka Maoli Fiona Cram, Tim McCreanor, Linda Tuhiwai Smith, and nature. “I am proud to be Hawaiian. In creating each piece, I move toward reconnecting to my ancestors and to my culture.” Ray Nairn, and Wayne Johnstone SECTION ART: “Hoÿokipa” (Lei Greeter), “Pahu Hula” (Wooden Hula Drum), “Mahua mea Mahoe” (Mother and Twins), “Kupuna and Moÿopuna” (Teacher and Apprentice), “Kaha Nalu” (Body Surfer), Civil Rights and Wrongs: Understanding Doe v. Kamehameha Schools 69 and “Ke A‘o ‘Ukulele a Kua‘ana iä Kaina” (Older Brother Teaching ‘Ukulele to Younger Brother) by Trisha Kehaulani Watson Harinani Orme, MFA. DESIGN: Stacey Leong Design Hülili: Multidisciplinary Research on Hawaiian Well-Being © 2006 by Kamehameha Schools. All rights reserved. Printed in Saline, Michigan. ISSN: 1547-4526 ISBN: 1-932660-08-9 contents From the Editor v Invited Essays The Hour of Remembering 9 Elizabeth Kapuÿuwailani Lindsey On Being Hawaiian 19 Jonathan Osorio Grounding Hawaiian Learners—and Teachers— COVER ART: “Hoÿokupu” (Offering) by Harinani Orme, MFA in Their Indigenous Identity 27 16" x 16", acrylic on watercolor paper Monica A. Kaÿimipono Kaiwi Hoÿokupu. To cause growth, sprouting; to sprout. Hoÿokupu. Tribute, tax, ceremonial gift-giving to a chief as a sign of honor and respect; to pay such tribute. (Pukui, M. K., & Elbert, S. H. [1986]. Hawaiian dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaiÿi Press.) Hoÿokupu is a traditional protocol among Känaka Maoli ÿo Hawaiÿi (indigenous people of Hawaiÿi) that is Research Perspectives dictated by höÿihi (respect) for the host, land, ancestors, or gods. It establishes a connection between the giver and the receiver that is culturally appropriate. Kaupapa Mäori Research and Päkehä Social Science: Born in Honolulu, Hawaiÿi, Harinani Orme earned a BFA in printmaking at the University of Hawaiÿi– Mänoa and an MFA in printmaking at the Pratt Institute in New York. Harinani’s background as a Epistemological Tensions in a Study of Mäori Health 41 printmaker is evident in her drawings and paintings, illustrating the relationship between Känaka Maoli Fiona Cram, Tim McCreanor, Linda Tuhiwai Smith, and nature. “I am proud to be Hawaiian. In creating each piece, I move toward reconnecting to my ancestors and to my culture.” Ray Nairn, and Wayne Johnstone SECTION ART: “Hoÿokipa” (Lei Greeter), “Pahu Hula” (Wooden Hula Drum), “Mahua mea Mahoe” (Mother and Twins), “Kupuna and Moÿopuna” (Teacher and Apprentice), “Kaha Nalu” (Body Surfer), Civil Rights and Wrongs: Understanding Doe v. Kamehameha Schools 69 and “Ke A‘o ‘Ukulele a Kua‘ana iä Kaina” (Older Brother Teaching ‘Ukulele to Younger Brother) by Trisha Kehaulani Watson Harinani Orme, MFA. DESIGN: Stacey Leong Design Hülili: Multidisciplinary Research on Hawaiian Well-Being © 2006 by Kamehameha Schools. All rights reserved. Printed in Saline, Michigan. ISSN: 1547-4526 ISBN: 1-932660-08-9 Family and Society from the editor The Roles of Family Obligation and Parenting Practices in Explaining the Well-Being of Native Hawaiian Adolescents Welina me ke aloha, Living in Poverty 103 Barbara D. DeBaryshe, Sylvia Yuen, A Hawaiian proverb says, “Hö a‘e ka ‘ike he‘enalu i ka hokua o ka ‘ale,” or “show your Lana N. Nakamura, and Ivette Rodriguez Stern knowledge of surfing on the back of the wave.” This saying suggests that talking about one’s knowledge and skill is not enough; let it be proven (‘Ölelo No‘eau, 1013). The Application of Terror Management Theory to Native Hawaiian Well-Being 127 As researchers, we like the process of discovery. We thrive on evidence. We design A. Kuÿulei Serna surveys and studies to find evidence that confirms our hunches. We want to test whether a certain theory is valid and meaningful. We want to identify relationships, show causality where possible, and grow and learn together from the growing Education evidence base of knowledge