REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 A Literary Review on Kritrima Visha Janya Twak Vikara Dr. Maheshwari BH1, Dr. Shakuntala B. Saswihalli2 1Final Year Post Graduate Scholar, 2Professor & HOD, Department of Agada Tantra Evam Vidhi Vaidyaka Evam Vyavahara Ayurveda, SDM Trust’s Ayurvedic Medical College And Danigond Post Graduation Centre, Terdal, Bagalkot, Karnataka, INDIA. A B S T R A C T The term skin is commonly used to describe the body covering of any vertebrates. Skin is the largest sense organ in the human body which has the function of perceiving sense like pain, touch, temperature, pressure etc. It also provides protection to the whole body from external surrounding by covering it. Now a days occurrence of skin disease is more common due to the altered life style taking the incompitable foods, mixed foods, lack of exercise, exposing to unhealthy environment etc. In Ayurveda this concept can be correlated with Kritrima Visha. Twak is target organ for any poisonous manifestation. Exposure to Kritrima Visha can cause manifestation of number of systemic diseases including Twak Vikaras. Present review is aimed to compile up the Twak Vikaras due to the exposure of Gara Visha and Dooshi Visha. Key words: Twak Vikaras, Kritrima Visha, Gara Visha, Dooshivisha, Artificial poison, Cumulative poison. INTRODUCTION contractility, lubrication and heat loss. They contain hairs, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails.[1] Skin is the largest organ of the body covering the [2] surface and accounting for approximately 15-20% of Twak is a seat of Sparshanendriya. It carrries the the body mass. In addition to its constant barrier role, sensation of touch. It covers the external part of the [3] protecting the living body against external stimuli, body. It is described as Matruja Avayava. It is made skin is important for maintaining the body health (e.g., up of combination of Panchamahabhutas of which through regulation of body temperature, storage of Vayu Mahabhuta is the most important. It is the [4] fluids and electrolytes and the synthesis of Vitamin D). Sthana of Vyanavayu, Bhrajaka Pitta and Tarpaka [5] [6] Skin appendages are skin associated structures that Kapha. Twacha is the Upadhatu of Mamsadhatu [7] serve a protection function including sensation, and also Mulasthana of Mamsavahasrotas. The skin is responsible for absorption of Sneha of the skin Address for correspondence: [8] Dr. Maheshwari BH ointment, Lepa applied etc. Final Year Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Agada Tantra A poison is commonly defined as a substance which Evam Vidhi Vaidyaka Evam Vyavahara Ayurveda, SDM Trust’s Ayurvedic Medical College And Danigond Post Graduation Centre, when administered, inhaled or swallowed is capable Terdal, Bagalkot, Karnataka, INDIA. of acting deleteriously on the body and hazardous E-mail: [email protected] [9] damage to vital organs. According to Ayurveda, Submission Date: 09/07/2020 Accepted Date: 23/08/2020 [10] Access this article online Visha is the one which causes Vishada. Vishas are Quick Response Code classified into 2 categories like Naisargika and Website: www.jaims.in Kritrima.Garavisha and Dooshi Visha comes under Kritrima Visha. Published by Maharshi Charaka GARA VISHA Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur, Karnataka (Regd) under the license CC- The poison which is formed from the waste materials by-NC-SA from the animals (excreta) or combination of Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 378 Dr. Maheshwari BH et al. A Literary Review on Kritrima Visha Janya Twak Vikara ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 medicines or Bhasmas which are having opposite ▪ Chronic exposure to metal and minerals properties or the poisons having less potency can be (dyes,paints etc) considered as Gara Visha.[11] According to Acharya ▪ Food colouring agents,food preservatives,Food Kashyap, the poison formed by the combination of flavouring agent. the Choorna form of the several insects is considered as Garavisha.[12] It takes approximately 15 days to 1 ▪ Cosmetic products month for the signs to appear after the ingestion of Garavisha the Garavisha.[13] ▪ Abharana Visha (Jewellary and clothing vitiated Dooshi Visha with some toxins or even if the individual is Any poison whether animal, vegetable or chemical in allergic to the material). origin which is not eliminated completely from the ▪ Paduka Visha (footwears vitiated with toxins) body, the remnant portion of Visha, partially nullified ▪ Viruddha Ahara (incompitable food items) by anti-poisonous remedies, natural provoking factors like Vata, Atapa, Agni etc. and also Visha devoid of its ▪ Abhyanga Visha (massage with vitiated Taila) [14] ten Guna is termed as Dooshivisha. Samprapti Due to changing lifestyle people are exposed to one Nidana Sevana or other kind of poisons in their day to day life. This exposure is in the form of food, drinks, drugs, ↓ cosmetics etc. This concept can be well correlated Aggravation of Dosha with Kritrima Visha explained in the classical texts of ↓ Ayurveda. By exposing on self to Kritrima Visha human beings unknowingly invited number of Vitiation of Dhatu specially Rakta Dhatu diseases, out of which Twak Vikara is one which ↓ disturbs physical, mental as well as social health of individual. These Twak Vikara can be treated like Visha can be Sthavara, Jangama or Kritrima Garavisha Chikitsa and Dooshivisha Chikitsa. ↓ AIMS AND OBJECTIVES If not expelled out properly or suppressed by environmental factors 1. To study the Twak Vikaras due to Kritrima Visha (i.e. Dooshivisha and Garavisha) ↓ 2. To utilize the principles of management of Deposit into the body tissues having mild potency in Dooshivisha and Garavisha to maintain Swasthya. nature,envelope by Kapha Dosha MATERIALS AND METHODS ↓ Produces symptoms like Aru, Kotha, etc. Various Ayurveda classics and studies published in journals related to Twak Vikara and Visha are Lakshana[16] reviewed and analysed. Vata Pradhana Pitta Pradhana Kapha Pradhana Nidana[15] Roukshyata Daaha Shwetata Dooshivisha ▪ Non healing ulcer with history of snake bite Parushya Raaga Shaityata ▪ Agricultural pestisides and fertilizers Shosha Srava Kandu Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 379 Dr. Maheshwari BH et al. A Literary Review on Kritrima Visha Janya Twak Vikara ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Agada Lepa Agada Toda Paaka Sthairya Vishadi Sankocha Visragandha Utseda Agada Lepa Harsha Kleda Gourava Pathyapathya[17] Shyava Arunatwa Jantubhi It plays an important role in the management of any Abhibhakshana disease. SAMANYA CHIKITSA Pathya Apathya 1. Nidhana Parivarjana Jeerna Shali Ksheera Viakarani 2. Shodhana Triphala Ikshu Vikarani i. Vamana Madhu Viruddha Ahara ii. Virechana Mudga Yusha Vyavaya iii. Raktamokshana Kulattha Yusha Naveena Madhya a. Siravyadha Ushnodaka Diwaswapna b. Joulakavacharana Dadima Phala Poorva and Daksheena Disha Pavana 3. Shamana Shighru Shaka etc. Madhura,Guru Annapana Shamana Vata Pitta Kapha etc. Chikitsa Pradhana Pradhana Pradhana DISCUSSION Abhyantara Dooshi Patolakaturo Panchanim Vishari Agada hinyadi ba Gulika The present faulty food habits, polluted air, water, Kashaya land increased exposure to electromagnetic radiations and unhealthy travelling habits are favorable Sanjeevana Guduchyadi Dooshivish condition to appear symptoms of Doshivisha and Agada Kashaya ari Agada Garavisha. Dooshivisha vitiates Rakta and hence manifests symptoms like Kitim Kotha Aru etc. Bilwadi Dooshivishari Bhallataka Garavisha causes Yakrut and Pleeha Shotha. Yakrut Agada Gulika Vati and Pleeha are the Moolasthana of Raktavahasrotas. Guggulutikta Chandanasa Manjishtad So Dooshiviha and Garavisha are directly or indirectly ka Ghrita va i Kashaya causes Raktadushti. As Kushta is one among the Raktapradoshaja Vyadhi, treatment principles of Mahatiktak Mahatikta Dooshivisha and Garavisha helps in the management Ghrita k Ghrita of Twak Vikara. Bahya Jeevantyadi Nyagrodhadi Nalpamara CONCLUSION Taila Lepa di Taila Analysis of classical references and various studies Mahatiktaka Nalpamaradi Shirishadi published in journals shows that today man is Taila Taila Lepa commonly exposed to artificial poisons which are prepared by the combination of poisonous and non- Vishadi Dashanga poisonous substances and skin act as one of the Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 380 Dr. Maheshwari BH et al. A Literary Review on Kritrima Visha Janya Twak Vikara ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 principle target organ for any poisonous Ayurvedic Toxicology, Chaukhamba Surbharati manifestation. Therefore while treating any skin Prakashan, Varanasi, First Edition, 2019.Page No.6. disease we should always look for history of any of 11. Acharya Vruddha Vagbhata Ashatanga Sangraha edited the Dooshivisha or Garavisha consumption. by Gupta A. Yadunandana Upadhyaya. 12st Edition, 2005 Uttarasthana, 40th Chapter.Shloka No.61. REFERENCES 12. Dr. Profulla Shetty and Dr. Prashant. D Math Concept 1. https://books.google.com/books/about/Toxicology.ht of Garavisha and Dooshi Visha. World Journal of ml?id =6cGQDwAAQBAJ Phamaceutical and medical research ISSN 2455-3301 2. Anil Badhoria et.al A review on conceptual study of [wjpmr,2018,4(10),57-59]. Twacha Sharira (skin). International Journal of Health 13. Yogaratnakara, Yogaratnakara Edited and English Sciences and Research Vol.10; Issue:1; January 2020 translated by Madham Shetty Suresh Babu, 01st ISSN:2249-9571 [Anil Badhoria