STANDARD CHLORIN DELAWAREF EO , INC* PHASE IA CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT (PURCHASE ORDE 03035230-01. RNO ) JUNE 1993 AR307589 STANDARD CHLORINE OF DELAWARE, INC. PHASE IA CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT (PURCHASE ORDER NO. 03035230-01) Christophe Nagle. rL , Ph.D. Stephe Sordl De o. nG and Jane Friedman. tL , Ph.D. DAMES & MOORE, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE SERVICES 7101 WISCONSIN AVENUE, SUITE 700 BETHESDA, MARYLAND 20814 JUNE 1993 RR307590 Tabl Contentf eo s Page 1.0 Management Summary .......................................l 2.0 Introduction .................................... ....... 2 3.0 Project Area Setting ........................................ 3 4.0 Research Design ..........................................4 0 Existin5. g Source Informatiof so n .................................7 5.1 Culture History .......................................7 5.1.1 Prehistory--. ..................................7 5.1.1.1 Paleo-Indian Period ........................7 5.1.1.2 Archaic Period ........................... 8 5.1.1.3 Woodland Period ......................... 9 5,1.2 Historic Period Development......................0 .1 5.2 Previously-Recorded Cultural Resources in Surrounding Area ......... 12 5.2.1 Prehistoric Sites ............................... 12 5.2.2 Above-Ground Resources ........................5 .1 0 Fiel6. d Work .............................................7 1 6.1 Vegetation History .................................... 1*7 Area2 6. Potentiallf so y Undisturbed Soils .......................8 .1 6.3 Archeological Field Methods ............................. 18 7.0 Inventory of Cultural Resources ................................ 19 0 Summar8. y .............................................9 .1 9.0 Recommendations .........................................0 2 10.0 References .............................................1 2 Lis Figuref to s 1. Locatio Projecf no t Area .....................................5 2. Topographi Projecf o p t cAreMa a ................................6 3. Previously Reported Prehistoric Sites .............................4 1 List of Tables 1. Prehistoric Sites Near Project Area .............................. 13 2. Historic Sites Near Project Area ................................ 16 Appendices . A Technical Proposa Scopd l Woran f eo k B. Resumes Standard Qilorint ofDelawart, Inc. Phas GutturaA e1 l Raount Evaluation AR30759I 1.0 Management Summary Dames & Moore conducted a Phase I(A) cultural resource investigation for Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. (SCD) in Delaware City, Delaware. An area of approximately twenty-five acres wil impactee lb ground-disturbiny db g activitiese carrieparth s a f to t dou Remedial Investigation/ Feasibility Study (RI/FS) being performed by SCD to remove toxic materials that have been accidentally released purpose Th . thif eo s phas culturaf eo l resource investigation is to identify historic properties that may be impacted by the undertaking, in compliance wit Nationae hth Sectiof o l6 Historin10 c Preservation Act. perforo T m the evaluation, Dame sMoore& carrie) :(1 d ou comprehensivta e archival and document search to identify known or potential historical, architectural, and/or archeological resources within the study area; and (2) conducted a walkover survey with limited shovel and trowel testing to locate visible cultural features, artifacts, and above-ground resources, to isolate areas that are severely disturbed, and to identify areas with a high probability of containing significant cultural resources. e projecTh t are situates ai d immediatel D planSC e nortte th sitth f Delawarhn o o ey i t e City, New Castle County, Delaware. It is about evenly divided between relatively flat terrain and moderate slopes overlooking Red Lion Creek to the north and an unnamed tributary of Red Lion westCreee e leveth .Th o k t l topograph portionf y o projec e th locatiof s sto it are d anan above the creek make it a candidate for past occupation. Inspection of records at the Delaware Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs revealed thaonle tth y sit projecrecorn e o th n di t arerepora s ai Delawary tb e State Archeologist Faye Stocum of finding flakes and fire-cracked rock upslope from Soil Piles A and B (7NC-E-106) durin prioga r area e visi additionth n .I o tt , ther severae ear l histori prehistorid can c sites listed in the Division records for the surrounding Red Lion Creek region, illustrating the suitability attractivenesd an stude th yf so are pasr atfo human occupation. On November 5th and 6th, 1992, Dr. Christopher L. Nagle and Nathan Knoche of Dames & Moore conducte walkoveda visuad ran l inspectio projece th f nto area. leve e Mosth l f to projecterraie th f o nt area appear havo st e been disturbe resula s dcleanua f t o p activities conducted in 1986. No cultural features or evidence of past structures were located. One artifac s foundtwa surfac, groune e lyinth th n f geo do upslope from smala Sois i llt I Pil . eA sher historif do c pottery, tentatively identifie redwars da e datin circo gt a A.D. 1751-1818e .Th previously reported flake fire-cracked san d rock werwerr relocatet no ee, no additionaus y db l similar materials found durin visitr gou . o smalTw l levee areath l n portionso projece th f so t site were identifie potentialls da y being undisturbed. Dame sMoor& e recommends that further Phase I(B) archeological testine gb carried out to verify the Phase I(A) findings and to assess the extent and degree of ground disturbance throughout the entire 25-acre study area. Standard Qilorin* of Delaware, Inc. Ftuut 14 Cultural Kesourcg Evaluation AR307592 2.0 Introduction Dame s& Moor contractes ewa Standary b d d Chlorin Delawaref eo , Inc. (SCD)f o Delaware City, Delaware, to perform a Phase I(A) cultural resource investigation of a twenty- five acre area located nort SCO'f ho s plant sit Delawarn ei e City w Castl,Ne e County, Delaware (Figure 1). This area will be impacted by ground-disturbing activities carried out as part of the Remedial Investigation/ Feasibility Study (RI/FS) bein gremovo t performe D e SC toxi y db c materials that have been accidentally released e purposTh . thif eo s phas culturaf eo l resource investigatio asseso t projecs e ni sth presence t th are r a fo absenc r eo potentiallf eo y significant archeologica historicar lo l material impactee sb undertaking e thay th tma y db compliancn ,i e wit Nationae hth Sectiof o l6 Historin10 c Preservatio itd san implementint nAc g Regulation6 s(3 800)R CF . In 1981, as much as 5,000 gallons of industrial grade monochlorobenzene (MCB) was accidentally spilleD whilSC t da railroaea beins d wa tan chemicagr e kca filled th d s ,lan wa discharge groune th o dt aroun sidinge dth e Stat Th . e instalo directet on-sitn lte D dSC e monitoring wells to assess the impact of the spill on groundwater. Serious problems were discovered, indicatin continuinga g patter minorf no , undetected releases sinc earls e a 1965s ya . As a result of this investigation, SCD completed remedial investigations and corrective actions, including installin groundwaten gte r monitoring wells, groundwater samplin analysisd gan , Phase investigationn pland groundwate,r an sfo r recovery systems. In 1986 tan,a k collapsed, damaging other tank spillind san g approximately 400,000 gallons of paradichlorobenzene (DCS) and 169,000 gallons of trichlorobenzene (TCB). The released material extended into wetland areas nort wesd hsitean f textensivn o A . e clean-up effors twa undertaken, and much of the toxic material was recovered. In addition to the area disturbed as a result of the release, additional acreage was impacted by the cleanup activities, including moving cleanup equipment, building a sedimentation lagoon (to store sediments dredged from Liod Re n Creek creatind )an soiga l pile. Although the majority of spilled materials were recovered immediately following each event, residuals remai bot n wetlandne i limitehn th i d sdan area uplanf so d soils. Several alternatives have been proposed in the Feasibility Study to remediate the impacts to affected sediments and soils. These include: excavation followed by varying degrees of treatment and stabilization prior to emplacement in an on-site impoundment; excavation followed by low temperature thermal desorption treatef o e ;dus soil backfillr sfo in-sitd ;an u biological treatment. Each of these alternatives, with the exception of "no action", involves excavation and ground disturbing activities that could impact upon cultural properties located within the twenty- five acre site. Becaus RI/Fe eth require Environmentas Se i th y db l Protection Agency (EPA), Federaa s iti l undertaking, subjec requiremente th o tt Nationae th Sectiof f so o l6 Historin10 c Preservatio 1966f o t amended,s na Ac . Standard CMorint ofDtlawai*, Inc. Ptiast IA Cultural fUxentn* Evaluation AR307593 primare th Sectios i y6 requiremenn10 tako tt e into accoun impacte tth projecf so t planning and implementation on potentially significant cultural resources. The National Historic Preservation Act and its implementing regulations (36 CFR 800) establish a requirement and a proces ensurinr sfo consideratioe gth agencn ni y plannin historif go c propertiee sb thay tma impacted by undertakings of the Federal government. Sectio require6 n 10 Federa y heaan e sf th do l agenc consideo yt impacte rth proposef so d undertakings on significant historic properties, and to provide the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (the Council) an opportunity to comment. An