NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 2011: Technical Report Volume 4: Marine and Coastal Component National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Marine & Coa stal Component NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 2011: Technical Report Volume 4: Marine and Coastal Component Kerry Sink 1, Stephen Holness 2, Linda Harris 2, Prideel Majiedt 1, Lara Atkinson 3, Tamara Robinson 4, Steve Kirkman 5, Larry Hutchings 5, Robin Leslie 6, Stephen Lamberth 6, Sven Kerwath 6, Sophie von der Heyden 4, Amanda Lombard 2, Colin Attwood 7, George Branch 7, Tracey Fairweather 6, Susan Taljaard 8, Stephen Weerts 8 Paul Cowley 9, Adnan Awad 10 , Ben Halpern 11 , Hedley Grantham 12 and Trevor Wolf 13 1 South African National Biodiversity Institute 2 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University 3 South African Environmental Observation Network 4 Stellenbosch University 5 Department of Environmental Affairs 6 Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 7 University of Cape Town 8 Council for Scientific and Industrial Research 9 South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity 10 International Ocean Institute, South Africa 11 National Centre for Ecological Analyses and Synthesis, University of California, USA 12 University of Queensland, Australia 13 Trevor Wolf GIS Consultant 14 Oceanographic Research Institute 15 Capfish 16 Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife 17 KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board Other contributors: Cloverley Lawrence 1, Ronel Nel 2, Eileen Campbell 2, Geremy Cliff 17 , Bruce Mann 14 , Lara Van Niekerk 8, Toufiek Samaai 5, Sarah Wilkinson 15, Tamsyn Livingstone 16 and Amanda Driver 1 This report can be cited as follows: Sink K, Holness S, Harris L, Majiedt P, Atkinson L, Robinson T, Kirkman S, Hutchings L, Leslie R, Lamberth S, Kerwath S, von der Heyden S, Lombard A, Attwood C, Branch G, Fairweather T, Taljaard S, Weerts S, Cowley P, Awad A, Halpern B, Grantham H, Wolf T. 2012. National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Technical Report. Volume 4: Marine and Coastal Component. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Pp 325 National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Marine & Coa stal Component This report forms part of a set of six reports on South Africa’s National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment 2011. The full set is as follows: Synthesis Report Driver, A., Sink, K.J., Nel, J.L., Holness, S., Van Niekerk, L., Daniels, F., Jonas, Z., Majiedt, P.A., Harris, L. & Maze, K. 2012. National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: An assessment of South Africa’s biodiversity and ecosystems. Synthesis Report. South African National Biodiversity Institute and Department of Environmental Affairs, Pretoria. Technical Reports Volume 1: Terrestrial Component Jonas, Z., Daniels, F., Driver, A., Malatji, K.N., Dlamini, M., Malebu, T., April, V. & Holness, S. 2012. National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Technical Report. Volume 1: Terrestrial Component . South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Volume 2: Freshwater Component Nel, J.L. & Driver, A. 2012. National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Technical Report. Volume 2: Freshwater Component . CSIR Report Number CSIR/NRE/ECO/IR/2012/0022/A. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Stellenbosch. Volume 3: Estuary Component Van Niekerk, L. & Turpie, J.K. (eds). 2012. National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Technical Report. Volume 3: Estuary Component . CSIR Report Number CSIR/NRE/ECOS/ER/2011/0045/B. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Stellenbosch. Turpie, J.K., Wilson, G. & Van Niekerk, L. 2012. National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: National Estuary Biodiversity Plan for South Africa. Anchor Environmental Consulting, Cape Town. Report produced for the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research and the South African National Biodiversity Institute. Volume 4: Marine Component Sink, K.J, Holness, S., Harris, L., Majiedt, P.A., Atkinson, L., Robinson, T., Kirkman, S., Hutchings, L., Leslie, R., Lamberth, S., Kerwath, S., von der Heyden, S., Lombard, A.T., Attwood, C., Branch, G., Fairweather, T., Taljaard, S., Weerts, S., Cowley, P., Awad, A., Halpern, B., Grantham, H. & Wolf, T. 2012. National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Technical Report. Volume 4: Marine and Coastal Component . South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Marine & Coa stal Component Acknowledgements The authors of this report acknowledge and thank the South African marine science, conservation and management community for their participation in this assessment. Theressa Franz, Philip Ivey and Michelle Hamer (SANBI) provided comments and strengthened the key findings and priority actions identified during this assessment. Ernst Swartz from SAIAB and Ross Wanless from Birdlife South Africa assisted with specific queries. Neil Malan and colleagues from the Oceans and Coast Branch of the Department of Environment Affairs are acknowledged for refinement of key messages and assistance in determining priority actions to support integrated coastal management. Carl van der Lingen and Andy Cockcroft from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) are thanked for their assistance with specific elements of the climate variability and change component of this report. Deon Durholtz and Jean Glazer (DAFF) are acknowledged for providing information pertinent to the stock status, assessment methodology and management of hake and other resources. Ken Hutchings (Anchor Environmental Consulting) lent expertise to assist with the overview of the impacts of mariculture and in the development of priority actions for this sector. We thank Peter Chadwick (WWF South Africa) and Alan Boyd (Department of Environmental Affairs) for assistance in collating information for the Marine Protected Areas component of this report. We thank Professor Charles Griffiths (University of Cape Town) for reviewing an earlier draft of this report and for constructive comments that improved the revised version. Funding for this work was provided to SANBI by the WWF Nedbank Greentrust through the Offshore Marine Protected Area Project and the SeaChange Project, and by the Global Environmental Facility through the C.A.P.E. Program. The National Research Foundation is also acknowledged for their contribution provided through funding received by Linda Harris, whose PhD research work focused on sandy beach conservation has contributed significantly to the coastal aspects of this assessment. 1 National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Marine & Coa stal Component List of Workshop Participants Aaniyah Omardien - WWF-SA Kerry Sink - SANBI Rochelle Wigley - Council for Geosciences Alan Aldrin Meyer - CSIR Kim Prochazka - DAFF: Fisheries Ronel Nel - NMMU Alan Boyd - DEA: Oceans and Lara Atkinson - SAEON Coasts Ross Wanless - Birdlife-SA Lara van Niekerk - CSIR Albrecht Gotz - SAEON Russell Stevens Larry Hutchings - DEA: Oceans Amanda Lombard - Consultant and Coasts Samantha Peterson - WWF-SA Ane Oosthuizen - SAN Parks Lebeau Labuschagne – DMR Sarah Wilkinson - CapFish Anneita Brahmin - CapeNature Lesley Rochat – De Beers Sediqa Khatieb - SANBI Arne Purvis - City of Cape Town Liesl Jansen - DEA: Oceans and Seshnee Maduray - DEA: Oceans Astrid Jarre - University of Cape Coasts and Coasts Town Lieze Swart - DEA: Oceans and Smiso Bhengu - SANBI Coasts Belinda Reyers - CSIR Sophie von der Heyden - Linda Harris - NMMU Bruce Mann - Oceanographic Stellenbosch University Research Institute Lynn Jackson – Consultant Stephen Holness - SAN Parks Carl van der Lingen - DAFF: Lynne Shannon - University of Stephen Kirkman - DEA: Oceans Fisheries Cape Town and Coasts Chantel Petersen - CSIR Mandy Driver - SANBI Steve Lamberth - DAFF: Fisheries Charles Griffiths - University of Mathieu Rouget – University of Susan Taljaard – CSIR Cape Town Pretoria Sven Kerwath - DAFF: Fisheries Christoph Sholtz - SANBI Maya Pfaff – UCT Tammy Robinson - Stellenbosch Cloverley Lawrence - University of Mbulelo Dopolo – SANParks University Cape Town Michael Schleyer - Oceanographic Tammy Smith - SANBI Colin Attwood - University of Cape Research Institute Tamsyn Livingstone - EKZN Town Mike Roberts - DEA: Oceans and Wildlife Colleen Moloney - UCT Coasts Thuli Wistebaar - SANBI Coral Birss - CapeNature Nadine A. Strydom – NMMU Toufiek Samaai - DEA: Oceans Craig Smith - DAFF: Fisheries Namhla Mbona - SANBI and Coasts Dave Japp – CapFish Natasha Karenyi - NMMU Tracey Fairweather - DAFF: Fisheries Deon Nel - WWF-SA Neville Sweijd – CSIR Tracey Phillips - Consultant Erwann Lagabrielle - NMMU Nina Stefani - Consultant Zuziwe Jonas - SANBI Fahiema Daniels - SANBI Paddy Gordon – SANParks George Branch - University of Paul Sieben – SANParks Cape Town Peter Best – University of Pretoria Georgina Jones - SURG Peter Chadwick - WWF-SA Heather Terrapon - SANBI Peter Goodman – EKZNW Herman Oosthuizen- DEA: Oceans and Coasts Peter Southwood - SURG Jan Venter - Eastern Cape Parks Philip Haupt - NMMU Jane Turpie - Anchor Pierre de Villiers – CapeNature Environmental Consulting Prideel Majiedt - SANBI Jean Githaiga-Mwicigi - DEA: Risha Persad - DEA: Oceans and Oceans and Coasts Coasts Jean Harris - CSIR Rob Anderson - University of Jeanne Nel - EKZN Wildlife Cape Town Juliette Hermes – SAEON Robin Leslie - DAFF: Fisheries 2 National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: Marine & Coa stal Component List of workshops and key meetings 6 June 2008 National Marine Biodiversity Assessment Planning Workshop, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, SANBI (18 participants representing 8 organisations) 2 September 2008 Discussion workshop to support Marine Ecosystem Listing, Kirstenbosch Research Centre,