Université De Montréal Feminist Contributions to Industrial Design

Université De Montréal Feminist Contributions to Industrial Design

Université de Montréal Feminist Contributions to Industrial Design and Design for Sustainability Theories and Practices par Isabel Prochner École de design, Faculté de l’aménagement Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Philosophiæ Doctor (Ph.D) en Aménagement mars, 2018 © Prochner, 2018 ii Université de Montréal Cette thèse intitulée : Feminist Contributions to Industrial Design and Design for Sustainability Theories and Practices présentée par Isabel Prochner a été évaluée par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : Christophe Abrassart Président rapporteur Anne Marchand Directrice de recherche Joëlle Rouleau Membre du jury Pinar Kaygan Examinatrice externe Claudine Déom Représentant du doyen iii iv Résumé Ce projet étudie comment des perspectives féministes pourraient informer les théories et les pratiques du design industriel et du design durable. Les diverses perspectives féministes sur et dans le design industriel promettent d’offrir plusieurs contributions uniques et précieuses, en surlignant des problèmes sociaux ou en lien avec la durabilité dans le domaine et en suggérant des options plus durables. Cependant, il n’y a pas beaucoup d’initiatives féministes en design industriel, donc les contributions potentielles d’une perspective féministe ne sont pas bien connues et sont minimalement explorées et exploitées. Ainsi, ce projet demande : comment le féminisme informe-t-il les théories et les pratiques du design industriel et du design durable ? Les buts sont d’identifier les critiques et les recommandations féministes envers le design industriel, d’identifier les relations entre les initiatives féministes en design industriel et le design durable, et d’identifier les connaissances que les initiatives féministes en design pourraient offrir au design durable. L’étude utilise un cadre féministe et constructiviste- critique. De plus, l’étude se base sur une analyse documentaire des initiatives féministes actuelles en design industriel, ainsi que sur l’exécution et l’analyse de trois projets conduits selon la recherche projet participative. Les résultats démontrent que des perspectives féministes permettent d’identifier des problèmes systémiques en design industriel, liés à la présence du pouvoir et de la masculinité, des systèmes de pouvoir inégaux entre les personnes, et les situations négatives auxquelles sont confrontées les femmes. De plus, les perspectives féministes encouragent des changements populaires (grassroots) dans le domaine, des interventions guidées par les perspectives des femmes et/ou des perspectives féministes. Les initiatives féministes en design industriel peuvent être perçues comme une sous-initiative dans v le domaine du design durable. Elles peuvent servir d’outils pour le design durable et, en particulier, pour ses dimensions sociales et économiques. Ensemble, les contributions des perspectives féministes en design industriel pourraient guider des changements durables en design industriel, légitimer et encourager des perspectives alternatives et féministes en design industriel, et aider le design industriel à contribuer aux causes féministes et sociales. Mots clés : féminisme, design industriel, design durable, analyse documentaire, recherche- projet participative, co-design vi Abstract This project investigates how feminist perspectives can inform industrial design and design for sustainability theories and practices. Feminist perspectives on and in industrial design promise to offer a range of valuable and unique contributions to the discipline. Yet, there is relatively little feminist work in industrial design, so feminism’s potential contributions are not well known and are minimally explored and exploited. As such, this project asks: how does feminism inform industrial design and design for sustainability theories and practices? It aims to identify feminism’s critiques and proposals toward industrial design and feminism’s relationships with and insights for design for sustainability. This study employs a feminist and critical constructivist framework. It is based on a literature analysis of existing feminist work in industrial design and the conduct and analysis of three projects applying a participatory project-grounded research strategy. The results show that feminist perspectives identify systemic problems in industrial design based on the presence of power and masculinity, unequal power dynamics between people and negative situations facing women. In turn, they encourage grass-roots changes in the field that rely on actor interventions drawing on women’s perspectives and/or feminist perspectives. Feminist work in design can also be understood as a sub-initiative within the broader design for sustainability field and could be applied consciously as a tool for design for sustainability, especially supporting its social and economic dimensions. Together, these insights can inform sustainable changes in industrial design, legitimize and encourage alternative and feminist perspectives in the discipline, and help industrial design contribute to feminist and social causes. vii Keywords: feminism, industrial design, design for sustainability, literature analysis, participatory project-grounded research, co-design viii Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Feminism Today ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Feminism in Industrial Design .......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Problem .............................................................................................................. 3 1.4 This Dissertation ................................................................................................................ 8 Chapter 2. Feminism’s Applications in, Interactions with and Potential Contributions to Industrial Design ..................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Introduction to Feminism ................................................................................................ 15 2.2 Application of Feminism in Industrial Design ................................................................ 21 2.3 Feminism’s Interactions with Industrial Design and their Contributions ........................ 21 2.4 Feminist-informed Critiques of Industrial Design ........................................................... 22 2.5 Feminism’s Proposals for Change in Industrial Design .................................................. 26 2.6 Feminism’s Contributions to Industrial design ............................................................... 29 2.7 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 3. Relationships between Feminism’s Interactions with and Contributions to Industrial Design and Design for Sustainability .................................................................. 31 3.1 Introduction to Design for Sustainability ........................................................................ 32 3.2 Relationships between Feminism’s Interactions with and Contributions to Industrial Design and Design for Sustainability .................................................................................... 38 3.3 Feminism’s Potential Extensive Relationships with Design for Sustainability .............. 41 3.4 Feminism’s Potential Unique Contributions to Design for Sustainability ...................... 45 3.5 Examples ......................................................................................................................... 50 3.6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 53 Chapter 4. Feminism’s Complexity and Diversity and its Implications for Feminism’s Contributions to Industrial Design and Design for Sustainability ..................................... 55 4.1 Understanding Ideology .................................................................................................. 55 4.2 History of Feminist Ideological Strands .......................................................................... 57 4.3 Impact of Feminism’s Diversity for Industrial Design and Design for Sustainability ... 70 ix 4.4 Particular Promise of Certain Feminist Strands ............................................................. 73 4.5 Examples ........................................................................................................................ 74 4.6 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 75 Chapter 5. Research Project .................................................................................................. 77 5.1 Research Question ........................................................................................................... 78 5.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 80 5.3 Expected Outcomes ......................................................................................................... 82 Chapter 6. Methodology ........................................................................................................

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