THE BI-MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION NEWS JULY / AUGUST 2020 Winning by an Inch Jason Dorsey Webinar PSMS Webinar War emergency pipeline from Longview, Texas to Norris City, Illinois. Moving 200 foot section of pipe welded to main line by firing line method CONTENTS 04 04 Winning by an Inch: Pipelines and Victory in World War II 08 DCA & Jason Dorsey Webinar 12 DCA Webinar With Steve Allen 08 15 DCA Fall Meeting 18 DCA Annual Convention 20 Industry News 22 22 Insights 25 Calendar 26 Member News 26 July/August 2020 03 DCA 2016 President Dale Anderson Reflections from 2016 DCA outgoing president Winning by an Inch: Pipelines and Victory in World War II At the end of World War II, people rejoiced, credited the Oil was, of course, equally important to the Allied bravery of the Allied armed forces, lauded the courage and Axis powers. Without it, there would be no gasoline and cunning of their leaders, and proclaimed, “The war for trucks, tanks, or airplanes, no lubricants for guns and was won by an inch!” machinery, and no synthetic rubber for tires or asphalt If you’ve never heard that celebratory phrase or don’t for runways. Both sides tried to maintain their own have a clue what it means, you’re not alone. Many production lifelines while cutting off the others’ supplies. things from the era are mere historical footnotes now. But here, the Allies had a clear advantage: more than What it refers to is the Big Inch and Big Little Inch half of the world’s oil was pumped from fields in the U.S. pipelines, a pair of roughly parallel pipelines built in the All told, it would take the Allies 7 billion barrels of oil to early 1940s that dissected mid-America and fueled the win the war in Europe, and 6 billion of that came from Allied war effort. the United States. 04 www.dcaweb.org At work on the War Emergency Pipeline, Source: American Oil & Gas Historical Society By contrast, Nazi Germany produced a negligible emergency, it could be absolutely necessary. amount of oil on its own. Its growing war machine His message seemed prophetic when, in February depended on overtaking Russian fields, which it failed to 1942, German U-boats knocked out 13 tanker ships do. Even German Field Marshall Karl Gerd Von Rundstedt anchored offshore the United States. Building what would couldn’t deny the role oil played in the Allies’ eventual become known as the Inch pipelines took on a new victory, saying Germany’s deficiency in oil and gas sense of urgency. contributed to its defeat. The U.S. War Production Board greenlighted the two Inch pipelines projects June 10, 1942, just four months A Safer, Interior Route after the American tankers were hit. A private company, Before diesel, kerosene, or gasoline could make it War Emergency Pipelines, Inc., built the lines, but the overseas, though, it first had to travel from the oil fields federal government owned them. of Texas to east coast refineries. With few pipelines in An example of government-industry partnership at operation at the time, even oil destined for domestic use its most productive, the Inch pipelines – all 1,340 miles took a water route around the Gulf of Mexico and up the – were completed in less than two years. During that eastern seaboard. Although most Americans probably period, oil from Texas was loaded onto trains and river didn’t worry that the oil-filled tankers along the U.S. barges, but the volume they could carry was only half coastline could be enemy targets – after all, the war was of what the tankers had. The loss of the tankers was being fought thousands of miles away – the possibility so significant, in fact, that historians would later say it had occurred to Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes. constituted a greater strategic setback for the Allied war In July 1940, he suggested to President Roosevelt that it effort than the defeat at Pearl Harbor. might make sense to build a cross-country pipeline from Texas to the east coast. It might not be economically sound, Ickes told the president, but in the case of an (continued on pg. 06) July/August 2020 05 Above left to right: Welding a section of the Big Inch pipe by the “stove pipe” method in 1942; Route of the Big Inch and Little Inch pipelines; Prior to the pipelines, German U-boats wreaked havoc on oil tankers; The Big Inch pipeline being laid through Pennsylvania; The Big Inch was completed just 350 days after construction began. After World War II the pipeline became war surplus – and was sold in 1947 to Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation, which incorpo- rated specifically to bid on it. Source: American Oil & Gas Historical Society 06 www.dcaweb.org The tanker Byron D. Benson was torpedoed by a German U-boat while traveling off the coast of North Carolina in April 1942. The ship was delivering crude oil from Texas to New Jersey. Source: American Oil & Gas Historical Society Longest, Largest, Heaviest Pipelines complete the two lines, at a total cost of $95 million. The Construction of the Big Inch began August 3, 1942, and lines delivered more than 500,000 barrels of oil per day, the last weld on the line was completed almost exactly a all of it safe from enemy submarines. year later. In the meantime, workers began building the Little Big Inch in January 1943; it was finished 14 months Still Operating Today later. The Big Inch ran from Longview, Texas, across the After the war, the pipelines were converted to deliver Mississippi River to Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, then on to natural gas and Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation Philadelphia and New York. Laying the pipeline required purchased them as war surplus. They’re now owned and digging a trench 3 feet wide and 4 feet deep along operated by Spectra Energy, which owns Texas Eastern. its entire route. The Little Big Inch ran from Houston to Today, the pipelines are used strictly for civilian Linden, New Jersey. purposes. But their importance to preserving global Despite their diminutive names, the Inch pipelines freedom and the American way of life can’t be weren’t small at all. Instead, they were named according understated. Nor should it be forgotten. to a custom that used the term big inch to describe any Historian Keith Miller is one of those who remember. pipeline larger than a foot in diameter. These two out- A professor at Arizona State University, Dr. Miller wrote, measured that standard by orders of magnitude. The “Without the prodigious delivery of oil from the U.S., “this smaller of the pair was 20 inches around, the larger, 24. In global war [WWII], quite frankly, could never have been fact, at the time, they were the world’s longest, largest, won.” and heaviest pipelines. It’s fair to say the U.S. gave the world an inch, which In the end, it took 15 crews of 328 men each to helped it go miles toward victory. s July/August 2020 07 Event News DCA Webinar with Jason Dorsey: Leading the New Normal 08 www.dcaweb.org On Wednesday, June 24, Jason Dorsey of the Center for Dorsey started off by defining CGK’s approach that Generational Kinetics (CGK) hosted a webinar for DCA “generations are not boxes” – they are clues to behavior members focused on how best to exercise leadership for and how to connect. Generations can be defined not different generations as everyone adjusts to the “new only by birth year, but by geography when it comes to normal” of living in the pandemic. CGK does behavioral shared experiences. For convenience, however, he research on why generations act the way they do as offered some general definitions of the major generations: customers, employees, and trendsetters. Dorsey has • Baby Boomers – 1946-1964 presented at previous DCA gatherings and worked with the organization to create a playbook for recruiting • Generation X – 1965-1976 younger workers into the pipeline industry. • Millennials – 1977-1995 • Generation Z – 1996-2015 (too young to remember 9/11) The COVID-19 crisis affects each of these generations differently. For Gen Z, this is a generation-defining moment—their future is on hold and everything seems uncertain, but younger members in particular have a unique opportunity to gain new strengths and skills. At the other end of the spectrum, Boomers are facing the prospect of tapping retirement funds early for support and having to work longer to make up for it. Gen X is being pulled in three different directions between kids, parents, and jobs as they try to take care of everybody at once. Millennials are finding their careers bookended by two traumatic events, the Great Recession and the pandemic, which have left them lagging behind the older generations at the same stage in their lives. Leaders Struggle to Adjust In a national study on workplace changes, CGK found that prior to COVID-19, leaders already had to engage four or five generations of team members. That hasn’t changed, but now it’s in a remote work environment with even more stress, and company leaders are struggling to adjust. Some of the changes were profoundly impactful. Total work hours decreased for 36% of workers, and 35% found they were less busy than before whether their hours changed or not. On the other hand, 26% of workers said they were actually busier than before the crisis. More than 20% of workers said that their job focus had completely changed since the pandemic began.