SCELTA Save the Children Egypt-Libya-Tunisia Assessment Assessment Report Save the Children International Regional Office Middle East and Eurasia Amman, 18 June 2015 DISCLAIMER: The statements in this report do not reflect the position of Save the Children International or its Members. The report only reflects the findings and analysis by the assessment team. Acknowledgements The successful implementation of Save the Children’s Egypt-Libya-Tunisia Fourthly, since this report is an amalgamated analysis of empirical material, we Assessment (SCELTA) and the subsequent findings indicated in this report could would like to acknowledge the generous cooperation of all key informants and not have been possible without the insights and contributions of a number of interviewees in Egypt, Libya and Tunisia; in particular to Dr. Hana El-Ghallal and people. Dr. Faraj Najem for their suggestions during the nascent phases of the SCELTA. Firstly, we would like to thank Save the Children Italy for supplying the funding Moreover, we would also like to thank Mohammed al-Dairi, the Al Bayda-based required to enlist the assistance of ACAPS while providing a comprehensive Libyan Minister of Foreign Affairs, as well as two advisors in the Libyan Ministry of donor mapping of Libya, which was conducted by Pia Cantini. Additionally, we Foreign Affairs, Taher El-Sonni and Haitham Melkeeb, for supporting the SCELTA would like to thank Save the Children Denmark for its financial support as well as process, recommending key humanitarian stakeholders, organising interviews and for seconding Kasper Ejlskov to participate in the Tunisia Field Assessment Team. facilitating access for the Egypt-Libya Assessment Team. We would also like to thank Save the Children Norway for allocating funds for Lastly, we would like to thank our colleagues in SCI’s MEE Regional Office in the SCELTA process. Amman, especially Afnan Aleem for providing safety and security support, Caelum Secondly, we would like to thank ACAPS for its involvement throughout the Moffatt for assisting in the preliminary stages of the SCELTA process and writing SCELTA process, in particular Clara Büllhoff, for researching and compiling the the Libya-Tunisia Conflict Analysis, as well as Dima Hamasha and Diana El-Ali for Secondary Desk Review on humanitarian needs in Libya, Nic Parham, for collating translating SCELTA documents into Arabic. and analysing information as part of the Tunisia Field Assessment Team, and Patrice Chataigner, for offering technical advice on the methodological techniques and tools employed for the SCELTA. Wolfgang Gressmann Thirdly, we would like to express our gratitude to SCI’s Egypt Country Office, SCELTA Team Leader, 18 June 2015 especially to Chris McIvor for supporting the SCELTA process as well as to Mai Gaballah, Sherif Arafa and Youssef Genena, three dedicated members of staff who played an important role in assisting the Egypt-Libya Field Assessment Team. Special thanks must be extended to Rania Ahmed for her relentless efforts in identifying, engaging and conducting interviews with humanitarian stakeholders in Libya. SCELTA Final Report_18_Jun_2015 Page 3 of 40 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 5 Key findings ............................................................................................................................... 7 Methodology ..............................................................................................................................................................9 Context ................................................................................................................................... 11 Humanitarian environment and actor mapping ................................................................ 15 Humanitarian actors ............................................................................................................................................. 15 Humanitarian coordination ................................................................................................................................. 18 Humanitarian access ............................................................................................................................................. 19 Humanitarian needs .............................................................................................................. 20 Health ....................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Protection ............................................................................................................................................................... 25 Migrants and refugees/asylum seekers .............................................................................................................. 28 Child Protection .................................................................................................................................................... 33 Education ................................................................................................................................................................. 35 Food Security and Livelihoods............................................................................................................................ 38 Annexes .................................................................................................................................. 40 SCELTA Final Report_18_Jun_2015 Page 4 of 40 List of Abbreviations ACAPS Assessment Capacity Project LRC Libyan Red Crescent AVR Assisted Voluntary Return MoH Ministry of Health CERF Central Emergency Response Fund MoE Ministry of Education CO Country Office NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation CSO(s) Civil Society Organisation(s) NTC National Transitional Council DC(s) Detention Centre(s) OPt Occupied Palestinian Territory DCIM Department for Combating Illegal Migration PSS Psychosocial Support ECCD early childhood care and development SC Save the Children GDP Gross Domestic Product SCELTA Save the Children Egypt-Libya-Tunisia-Assessment GNC General National Congress SCI Save the Children International HCT Humanitarian Country Team SGBV Sex and Gender Based Violence HoR House of Representatives UN United Nations ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross/Crescent UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees IDPs Internally Displaced People UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund INGO(s) International Non-governmental Agencies UNMAS United Nations Mine Action Service IOM International Organisation for Migration UNMIL United Nations Mission in Libya IS Islamic State UNSC United Nations Security Council IYSC Islamic Youth Shura Council USD United States Dollar LC Local Council WASH Water, Sanitation, Hygiene LNA Libyan National Army WFP World Food Programme LNGO(s) Local Non-governmental Agencies SCELTA Final Report_18_Jun_2015 Page 5 of 40 SCELTA Final Report_18_Jun_2015 Page 6 of 40 Key findings Context - The conflict between the Libya Dawn alliance in Tripoli and the Operation Due to the deteriorating security situation, the UN has relocated to Tunis in order for Dignity coalition based in northeastern Libya has considerably impacted the lives of the country team to continue providing humanitarian assistance while working with the civilians, causing shortages of medical supplies, displacement, destruction of homes and Libyan Red Crescent Society, Libyan Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), and the Libyan infrastructure, disruption of basic services and communications and difficulties in obtaining Crisis Committees. The number of INGOs has dropped from 50 in 2011 to 5 (identified food and fuel supplies. Libya’s economy is dependent on oil production, which has by SCI). A combination of reduced humanitarian space, increased pressure by armed plummeted from 1.6 million to 350,000 barrels/day, an amount that is unable to fulfil groups and lack of external support has resulted in the number of CSOs plummeting from domestic demands and export expectations. With a deficit of two-thirds of GDP, Libya’s 3,000 in 2011 to about 100 operational agencies (estimate by SCI). In September 2014, foreign currency reserves will be depleted in 2-4 years. the UN launched the Libya Humanitarian Appeal for an amount of USD 35.25 million. Scenarios - The current attempt by the UN to broker a political solution has been Donors have shown limited interest and as of June 2015, the appeal was only 32% unsuccessful so far. The most likely scenario for the next 3-6 months foresees a covered. A new appeal is planned for July 2015. protracted crisis and military polarisation across Libya as regional actors continue to Health/Nutrition - In the health sector, shortages are affecting everyone but are reinforce their respective partners. The Islamic State (IS) will continue to foster disorder generally not considered life threatening outside humanitarian hotspots such as Benghazi, and divisions by conducting asymmetric attacks in Tripoli, Benghazi, Derna and Sirte. Ghat, and Warshafana. However, if medicines are not restocked within the next four Displacement - It is estimated that 2 million people, almost one-third of the total weeks, a health crisis in northeastern and southern Libya can be expected. The lack of population, have been affected by the conflict. At least 550,000 people