Arts & Humanities Open Access Journal Review Article Open Access Written evidence of the inimitability of the Quran on comprehending the concept of Arabic linguistic history and theology Abstract Volume 4 Issue 2 - 2020 The study focuses on how the relationship between Arabic linguistic and theology concept Solehah Yaacob in the Quran will enhance the understanding of Islamic principles. However, there have Professor of Philosophy of Arabic Grammar, Department of been too many pointless debates and discussions on the issue of influence of Arabic Arabic Language and Literature, International Islamic, University linguistic on philosophical theology. In order to highlight significant issues of the Quranic Malaysia, Malaysia interpretation of the theology as a consummation of metaphysics or Tauhidic concept, the need of understanding of deep semantic approach is necessary. In this study, the Tauhidic Correspondence: Solehah Yaacob, Professor of Philosophy concept is presented not to linguists but theologians (Mu`tazilah) in impressing upon them of Arabic Grammar, Department of Arabic Language and the need to study not only theology but also grammar and literary theory in order to improve Literature, International Islamic, University Malaysia, Malaysia, the understanding of the inimitability of the Qur’an. An analytical discussion on some Tel 0361965114, Email views among the scholars on the topic is a method approach of the research. Received: July 02, 2019 | Published: April 27, 2020 Keywords: exegesis, deep structure, linguistic thought, theologians, Islamic sciences Introduction The Sunni school of thought), it was Abu al‒Aswad (d. 69H) one of the prominent intellectual figure in the Mu`tazilite movement The Quran, for all Muslims, is considered the most articulate in 11th century Iraq who propounded a systematic form of Arabic speech and the most eloquent writing which surpasses all other Arabic grammar. Another significant figure was Sibawayh the grammarian texts. Different Quranic recitation styles among grammarians affect who connected Islamic theology with Arabic grammar such as What the meaning of the text and would result in varying interpretations. If speaks of glorification and praise, and not all, of words is great and we look back in the history of the creation of the Arabic syntax it was they are not great. In his book `al‒Kitab`, terms or concept in theology ɔ. in the hands of qurrā Most of whom were grammarians such as: Abu became popular such as expansion (Expansion), asserts (the findings), ɔ al‒Aswad ad‒Du alī, Ibn Abī Iṡhāk al‒Hadramī, al‒Khalil ibn Ahmad explanation (The explanations), mental analogical approach (Mental ɔ al‒Farāhīdī, al‒Kisā ī, and etc. Different styles of pronunciation in measure) and access to the mind of the provisions grammatical (And the recitation of the Quran are normally accepted unless it resulted resort to the mind in many grammatical rulings). The philosophy ɔ in distortion of meaning then the recitation is prohibited. Al‒Farrā of theology was an alternative method in expression the grammar says in this respect that “the Book, i.e. the Quran, is the clearer [one] thought, meant the Arabic grammar uninfluenced by foreign thinking i and has the stronger argument over poetry”, and Ibn Khalawayhi as claimed by some people. We have recorded that most of the adds that “people have decided that if a word appears in the Quran, Arab grammarians they were Mu`tazilite such as Abu Aswad as‒ ii then it is the more fluent [here] in comparison to anywhere else”. Dualy, Farra`, Kisa`I, Ibn Jinni, Ibn faris and etc. As mentioned by Thus, any argument brought forth from syntactical principles based az‒Zubaydiiii that the early Arab grammarians who living together ɔ on Qur ānic evidence is considered stronger than an argument based with the theologians were Abu Abdullah Ibn Ishaq( d.117h) living in on other authoritative texts. The influence of theology philosophy the time of Wasil bin Ata` (131h), Essa bin Umar ( d. 149h), Khalil on Arabic linguistic perhaps came when the inimitability of Quran Ahmad (175h) and Ibn al‒MuqafaA (d.142h), Thumamah bin Ashras was discovered. To understand the Quran verses which revealed in (d. 213h) and al‒Farra` (d.208h). The proof that the Arabic grammar Arabic language needs thorough understanding either grammar, been influenced by theology, we have found that Khalil Ahmad Al‒ semantic, rhetoric, morphology and etc. Without details analysis Farahidi associated with analogical thinking in his theory in deriving the understanding of meaning become vogue or unclear, especially the linguistic thought especially in grammatical approach.iv Sibawayh, for those who are non‒Arab or called Ajam. To discuss the topic the writer of `al‒Kitab` been affected by him as mentioned in his `al‒ mentioned, the relationship between the both concept of knowledge Kitab` a lot of grammatical theories rely on theological and Islamic 1,2 need to be highlighted according to significant views of the scholars. jurisprudence principles. Another prominent man was al‒Akhfash al‒Wasit (d. 213h) was a theologian Mu`tazilate who came after The relationship between Arabic grammar Sibawayh. Al‒Qifti mentioned in his book that al‒Akhfash imposed and theology concept the method of theology when applied Quran exegesis such as in (God spoke to Moses). Whilst Ibn Sarrag introduced a new approach of What is the secret of the existence theology concept in Arabic logic into grammar, then this task has been continued by Abu Ali grammar? Ironically, for the majority of the Muslim world who al‒Farisi when he mentioned in several of his books which were subscribe to the teaching of Sunna Wal Jamaa (in modern parlance iiiAz‒Zubaydi. Tabaqat an‒Nahwiyyina wa al‒Lughawiyyina. Tahqiq: iAl‒Farrāɔ. Macānī Al‒Qurɔān. Beirut: World of Books; 1983. p. 14. Muhammad Abu Fadli Ibrahim. Cairo: Dar al‒Ma`rif. 1973. p. 11‒18. iiAs‒Suyūtī. Al‒ɔItqān fī cUlūm Al‒Qurɔān. Beirut: Arabic Book Press; 1998. ivMustafa Ahmad Abdul Al‒Alim Bahjat. Atharu al‒Aqidah Wa Ilmi al‒Kalam p. 213. Fi An‒Nahwi al‒Arabi, Cairo: Dar al‒Basair; 2011. p. 37‒38. Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Art Human Open Acc J. 2020;4(2):64‒69. 64 ©2020 Yaacob. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Copyright: Written evidence of the inimitability of the Quran on comprehending the concept of Arabic linguistic 65 history and theology ©2020 Yaacob associated with logic and theology, until he mentioned that he was language must have much deeper roots in early ancient times. The wrong for fifty issues in language but none in analogy. Ibn Jinni his pertinent question at this point: What is the original source of standard student was followed him very well when he said that the declension Arabic that became a highly developed language one or two centuries of speech made by speaker himself. Meant the speaker used his own before Islam? According to Jawad Ali, Arabic could be traced to thinking base on logic in order to express his needs. Then, he also Babylon Akkadian or other kingships of Jurhum.x By the 20th century expands the logic of grammar into the logic of jurisprudence. Another BC Babylon reigned over the whole of Iraq and their language was his contribution was the explanation of the expanding word of Kalam regarded as Arabic.xi A.F.L Beeston was in agreement with this view derived from great morphology. The Influence of Philosophical as articulated in his article “the evolution of Arabic language”.9,10 He Theology on Arabic Linguistics since Greek philosophy flourished in propounded that Arabic language had surpassed the languages of the fourth century B.C.E.v and the Qur’an was revealed in the seventh other nations in age.xii Arabic was already used in the commands on century C.E., a thousand years later,vi its content had to be the product what was considered legal and illegal in decrees based on the laws of cultural transmission from an allegedly superior culture (Greek) to of the Hammurabi. The laws were well defined using appropriate an allegedly inferior culture (the Arabs). There is the possibility that expressions befitting the solemnity of the messages it contained. The Greek tradition did indeed exert an influence on theological thought at evidence of this were found in engraved relics in the kingship of Susa a later stage, such as in the case of the Mu`tazilites who put an almost written in the letters of the Mismariyyah on big pillars of black stones exclusive stress on logic. However, Greek philosophy only became said to be in existence in 1800BC. The inscriptions on stones contained relevant to Islamic philosophy after the transmission of Hellenistic laws from an advanced culture. The Hammurabi was also said to have tradition during the translation movement under the ‘Abbasids. Syriac set up schools to nurture their young ones though it was said that served as intermediary between the Greek and Arabic language,vii the disciplining method employed was rather oppressive according beginning with the two famous Christian translators Hunayn Ibn Ishāķ to modern standard. It is marvelous indeed that they already set up and Yahya Ibn Bitrik. Evidently, Damascus was a Hellenistic centre schools in their ancient towns 4000 years ago. They were known to during the third, fourth and fifth century C.E.viii where Greek had have used stone slates where lessons for the children were inscribed become the official language of the court and administrative offices. consisting of exercises in arithmetic, spelling, multiplication tables Then, the connection between the philosophical approach in theology etc. Search in their settlements yielded artifacts in the forms of books, and Arabic linguistic was occurred in the time of Muslim golden era wills or agreements, mathematics problems, astronomic observatory, or might be considered before.