This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com J' ---..-- --....‘-......--...‘.--.---~0'_.. - . ‘ -~....< ‘..0.....u r..~. .., ~ »‘ n .. ‘ ...“HA_ -.1.;. ».. - r. ‘. ... '. 0 , . ....,.. , .3 .:».. ‘ . I 3 -. a' .‘ ‘- . I 0 _. -. ‘ 2 .‘».‘ - . .1_.. .'. J..'. '§ .,... .» . .. ..~T . 0.. .. 0... '00»; . \ .O'-' 3 @330 .0» ..--'-'. - ‘.u ' . u.-‘ A. .. ..... -32. _.:-i, , _§_§,m, lullbl. ‘I .'..1.l-w/ '.w 4. $1.3 Sound Wave Handbook, No. 2; ' ‘ ' -__a........ I ' THE TALKING MACHINE ENCYCLOPEDIA, A Comprehensive and Descriptive Glossary of all Terms used in connection with the Talking Machine. ILLUSTRATED. LONDON: THE PHONO TRADER PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY, LTD., I AND 2, WHITFIELD STREET. EC. 1908. Og.\~\L.\/ ._v. - 27. - . _‘ I "'/--/“'nY/.',/{/////1- Q ' ‘ - 1:‘ ' ' -= /l//H1V,’/4iMli'”'lAfi/fig?/[@‘&* r ,. EDIS .~w 1» ‘|'~.~|~w:-W.» N ~, - men OU can give a dance with an Edison ' Phonograph, supply music at a reception, accompany a singer, entertain the children, break the ice at a party, while away pleasantly a few hours when you are alone. The Edison Phono graph does all these things and does them better than any other talking machine- The only phonograph which will play the new Edison Arnlwrol Records—th¢ wonderful Records that play more than 4 minutes l Hear them at your clcalefa. half I I! l.ht Y l:'l,:nd O :1l]nOym:f?l°Ol.Z7Wfl-ng R rd thrs rna W” .D"'“° 6°”.d‘ Lrv‘. Dan?" ‘O 6 T1; phonogmph Ask to‘ bookm-..Makmg sell l'.d-sOn Phonographs -n every town ._ Reggfds 3; Home' when: we are not now well represented. For Complain Calnloguol. addroll: NATIONAL PHONOGRAPH CO.. LTD.’ E D I §0 N W O R K S . 259260- Vrctorra Road- Wlllaaden Junclron. London. N.W ..0.14;. -'...-. my.» » ,;';,_,.._-. ,4.. » The Talking l\/lachine Encyclopaedia. Adiwitable Bearing-—End supports of mandrel spindle, which are capable of adjustment. AN-lrl'\il‘li\l"‘l-—O'ne of the lightest of metals, though not found free, is one of the most abun dant elements in nature. it occurs as silicate in clay, felspar, etc., but is chiefly extracted from bauxite, an impure hydrated oxide; . cor undum., the oxide A1202 ; and cryo.ite, the double flouride with sodium, NaAlF6. it was originally pre pared by displacement by sodium from its double chlo ride with sodium, but is now almost exclusively obtained by the electrolysis of a solution of the purified oxide in inionlten ciryolite. The mixture is melted by the heat given out in the process, the aluminium being set free at an iron cathode immersed in molten aluminium, while the oxygen also obtained oxidises the carbon anode at which it is libera.ted. This process has greatly increased the output, for while in 1890 the wo1-ld’s annual pro duction was about 40 tons, in 1900 it had increased to from 5,000 to 6,000 tons. At the former date the price was 9s. 6d. per 1b., while in 1904 it averaged 1s. 4d. Aiguminium is a white and S0.1'I1O\Vll3.-t soft metal, takes a fine polish, is without odour or taste, highly malleable at 100° to 1509 C-ent., highly sonorous, a fair'c0nductor of electricity, has a.high specific heat and a low specific gravity (2.7). It does not oxidise or rust in air, or com bine with sulphur at ordinary temperature, and is B 2 Tm: TALKING MACHINE ENCYCLOPEDIA. soluble in hydrochloric acid and solutions of caustic potash and soda. lts chief impurities are silicon and iron. It cannot be elcctro-plated with any metal. The great want in working aluminium into articles has been a good solder and flux. It oxidises soreadily at a sol dering temperrature, and the oxide formed is so insoluble in ordinary fluxes, that the film of oxide prevents the pieces of metal from coming into contact, so that a good joint cannot be formed. For this reason, amplifying horns made of aluminium must of necessity be seamless and have to be spun out of a fiat sheet.on the chuck of a lathe, hence the extreme thinness of the metal. Alum inium. is also used for electric conductors, and has proved valuable for the preparation of alloys, and in rendering castings of iron, etc., sound. An application in another direction has been the utilisation of the intense heat given out 0n its reaction with iron oxide for welding in situ, prepa-ration of small steel castings, etc. The com pounds of aluminium of greatest importance are its oxide and its sulphate. The oxide alumina A1203 occurs native as corundum, sapphire, and emery, and is an in tensely hard solid. As prepared artificially it is a white solid, which when hydrated is gelatinous. Alum inium orxide acts both as a basic oxide, giving rise to the aluminium salts, and as an acidic oxide, forming the somewhat indefinite 'a\1uminates. Aluminium sulphate is the chief of the aluminium salts, and is prepared both by itself and along with potassium or ammonium sulphate as alum. The metal was discovered by Wohler in 1827, and again in 1854 by St. Clair Deville, who received great encouragement and assistance in the manufacture of it near Paris from both Napoleon III. and the French Academy. The first really practical electrical method of extraction was patented by Mesrs. Cowles in 1885 in England and the United States of America, but that was supplanted by the Heroult Hall- method. Owing to its lightness, toughness, and strength aluminium is ex tensively used for boat building, for torpedo boats, for engines, for instruments, for balloon fittings, bicycles, cooking utensils, talking machine tone-arms and trum pets. and in chemical works; but it does not make a really satisfactory structural material, owing to its being THE TALKING Maonnvs ENCYCLOPEDIA. 3 somewhat lacking in tenacity and hardness. It is also used as a substitute for the usual stone in lithograpthy. Large works for its manufacture have been erected be side the Niagara Falls, the Falls of Schaffhausen, and the Falls of Foyers in Invernesshire. The Columbia Company are now using aluminium exclusively as amate rial for their tone-arms, and it is claimed with some show of justice that, owing to its sonority and peculiar property of clarifying the sound vibrations, a consider able irnprovernemt is effected in the reproduction. It is not a great success as a material for trumpets, prin cipally owing to the fact that the spinning process thins out the metal to such a degree, engendering a thin and nasal reproduction. (See Tone-arm, trumpet.) Arm: 3P9ak9r-—'l'he upper portion of Edison and Columbia cylinder machines which holds the reproducer, and by means of the feed nut and screw carries it over the record. Arm: 30‘-"‘ld-—See Tone Arm. Arm: TaP9l'9d-—See Tapered Arm. Arm, T0719-—See Tone Arm. A\lxet0Ph0ne--—.See Sound Magnifying. AX“, e.g., of turntable. The central support which also serves as a pivot for the records. Ba|an¢9 W9i8’ht-—The fantail shaped weight of an Edison Model C reproducer. (See notice under that heading.) Ball P0inted 8aPPhire--—The giobuiar tragking point of a reproduces‘ ; nearly always fitted to the trail ing variety. Ba77t9$-—A mineral consisting of sulphate of barium, known also as heavy spar, from its high specific gravity (4.5), which is exceptional for a mineral without metallic lustre. It crystallises in the rhombic system, in forms of great diversity, and is generally white, grey, or pink, but the crystals may be transparent and colour less. Its hardness is 31}, and it has a very good cleavage. One of the commonest of veinstonee, it usually accom 4 THE TALKING MMJHINE ENCYCLOPEDIA. pa-nines silica and ores of lead, Very fine specimens, lining cavities, are obtained at Dufton in Westm0re land. It occurs not only in crystals, but also more fre quently in fibrous, granular, stalactitic and other forms. It is used as a source of barium prerparation, as a paint, and also as a base for the -composition of disc records when finely ground, and is occasionally used as an orna mental stone. B9al'ing-—End support of spindle or shafting. B9arin8‘, Adi‘-l$tab|9-—See Adjuistable Bearing. Bearin8‘, C\lP and POirIt-_see and Bearingq. Bearing: 5¢¢9ntri¢-—See Eccentric Bearing. B9arin8‘ P|at9-—-Smell plate placed under end of shraaftingf in horizontal motors to prevent undue friction. B9dP|at9--—~The plate of metal sustaining mandrel, et|o., on the upper, and motor on the lower side, e.g., as fitted to a phonograph. B9"-—Tl1e flange or flare of a trumpet. Sometimes used to .designate the whole trumpet. In the latter event the term is used to describe the spun aluminium. variety. (See Flange or Flare.) B9“-—-—The strip of leather or other substanoe used to transmit the power from motor to mandrel in a phono graph. These belts are specially. made, owing to the fact that it is diflicult to find a leather of suflicien.t strength and resilience to withstand the oonsiderab.le strain imposed on it. With an ordinary maohinery belt an occasional slip over the pulley wheels is not of great moment, but for this to happen with a talking machine would be fatal to the reproduction. After careful selec tion the strips are skived at eauh end, and then perched, a technical term for pushing up the under or flesh side to give it a good grripping surface. The belt is then joined with an adhesive cement and placed unader a-- weight to dry.