Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Theses Theses and Dissertations Spring 2014 The onH g Kong-Zhu Hai-Macau Bridge: Impacts on the Greater Pearl River Delta Jun He Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses Part of the Civil Engineering Commons, Economics Commons, and the Ethnic Studies Commons Recommended Citation He, Jun, "The onH g Kong-Zhu Hai-Macau Bridge: Impacts on the Greater Pearl River Delta" (2014). Open Access Theses. 188. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/188 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School ETD Form 9 (Revised 01/14 ) PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Jun He Entitled The Hong Kong-Zhu Hai-Macau Bridge: Impacts on the Greater Pearl River Delta For the degree of Master of Science Is approved by the final examining committee: Dr. Howard Adler Dr. Joseph “Mick” La Lopa Dr. Sandra Sydnor To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/dissertation Agreement. Publication Delay, and Certification/Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy on Integrity in Research” and the use of copyrighted material. Approved by Major Professor(s): Dr. Howard Adler Approved by: Dr. Barbara Almanza 02/27/2014 Head of the Department Graduate Program Date ! ! THE!HONG!KONG)ZHU!HAI)MACAU!BRIDGE:!! IMPACTS!ON!THE!GREATER!PEARL!RIVER!DELTA!REGION! ! A!Thesis!! Submitted!to!the!Faculty! of! Purdue!University!! by! Jun!He! ! In!Partial!Fulfillment!of!the!! Requirements!for!the!Degree! of!! Master!of!Science! ! May!2014! Purdue!University!! West!Lafayette,!Indiana! ! ! ! ii! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! This!thesis!is!dedicated!to!my!beloved!parents.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! iii! ! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS! !!!!!I!would!like!to!eXpress!my!deepest!appreciation!to!my!major!professor,!Dr.! Howard!Adler.!This!thesis!would!have!not!been!possible!without!his!vision,! guidance,!encouragement,!and!help.!!His!passion,!energy,!and!care!have!made!the! process!of!completing!this!thesis!fun!and!enjoyable.!I!would!also!like!to!thank!my! committee!members,!Dr.!Sydnor!and!Dr.La!Lopa,!for!all!of!their!valuable!suggestions! and!comments!that!helped!to!shape!this!thesis.!In!addition,!I!would!like!to!thank! Dr.Cai,!Dr.Ghiselli,!and!Dr.Miao!for!their!advices!and!support!throughout!my! graduate!study,!I!would!not!have!gained!such!great!expricences!without!their!help! and!guidance.!!Furthermore,!I!would!like!to!thank!Mr.He,!Mr.Lee,!Mr.!Liu,!Mr.Luo,! and!all!of!my!interviewees,!this!thesis!would!not!be!poissible!without!their!help.! Moreover,!I!would!like!to!thank!Joy!Ma,!my!friend!and!family,!for!giving!me!love,! care,!and!support!especially!during!the!darkest!period!of!my!graduate!study.!I,!too,!! want!to!show!my!appreciation!to!my!BFF!Jia!Yu!for!her!invlauble!freindship.!!I!would! also!like!to!thank!Ms.!Maria!Campos!for!her!patience,!help,!and!care!along!the!way.!I! would!like!to!thank!all!of!the!faculty,!staff,!and!fellow!students!at!the!School!of! Hospitality!and!Tourism!Management!as!well.!As!I!am!finishing!my!second!degree!at! the!HTM!School,!the!knowledge!and!experience!I!gained!during!the!five!years!I!spent! here!have!made!me!who!I!am!today!and!I!am!always!proud!to!be!a!part!of!the!HTM.! Finally,!!I!want!to!thank!my!family,!nothing!would!be!possible!in!my!life!without! their!endless!love,!care,!and!support.! ! iv! ! TABLE!OF!CONTENTS! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page! LIST!OF!TABLES!.......................................................................................................................................!vii! ABSTRACT!.................................................................................................................................................!viii! CHAPTER!1!INTRODUCTION!................................................................................................................!1! CHAPTER!2!REVIEW!OF!LITERATURE!............................................................................................!4! 2.1!World’s!Major!Megaprojects’!Impacts!on!Economy!and!Tourism!...........................!4! 2.1.1!Palm!Jumeirah!........................................................................................................................!5! 2.1.2!Channel!Tunnel!.....................................................................................................................!9! 2.1.3!Øresund!Bridge!....................................................................................................................!13! 2.1.4!Hong!Kong!International!Airport!................................................................................!17! 2.2!Current!Status!Of!Hong!Kong,!Macau,!and!Pearl!River!Delta!...................................!20! 2.2.1!Demographics!of!the!GPRD!............................................................................................!20! 2.2.2!Domestic!Economic!Forces!of!Hong!Kong,!Macau,!and!Guang!Dong!...........!22! 2.2.3!Visitor!Portfolio!...................................................................................................................!27! 2.2.4!Lodging!Industry!Profiles!...............................................................................................!32! 2.2.5!Regional!Economy!and!Tourism!Corporations!and!Policies!...........................!37! 2.3!Evolution!Of!HZMB!Project!.....................................................................................................!43! 2.3.1!Justification!of!Purpose!....................................................................................................!43! 2.3.2!Initial!Discussion!on!the!Feasible!Plan!......................................................................!47! 2.3.3!Design!of!Man)made!Islands!and!Tunnel!.................................................................!50! 2.3.4!Environmental!Impacts!and!Concerns!......................................................................!53! 2.3.5!Immigration!Issues!............................................................................................................!58! 2.3.6!Use!of!the!Bridge!.................................................................................................................!59! 2.3.7!Project!Overview!................................................................................................................!60! CHAPTER!3!METHODOLOGY!..............................................................................................................!64! 3.1!Secondary!Data!Analysis!..........................................................................................................!64! 3.1.1!Analysis!of!Other!Megaprojects’!Impacts!.................................................................!65! 3.1.2!Analysis!of!Governments’!Projections!on!the!HZMB’s!Impacts!......................!65! 3.2!Interviews!With!HZMB’s!Stakeholders!..............................................................................!67! 3.2.1!Selection!of!Interviewees!................................................................................................!67! 3.2.2!Design!of!the!Interview!....................................................................................................!68! 3.2.3!Interview!Questions!..........................................................................................................!69! CHAPTER!4!RESULTS!AND!DISCUSSIONS!....................................................................................!70! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! v! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page! 4.1!Secondary!Data!Analysis!of!Megaprojects!.......................................................................!70! 4.1.1!Palm!Jumeirah!......................................................................................................................!70! 4.1.2!Channel!Tunnel!...................................................................................................................!73! 4.1.3!Øresund!Bridge!....................................................................................................................!75! 4.1.4!Hong!Kong!International!Airport!................................................................................!78! 4.1.5!Comparisons!of!the!HZMB!with!Other!Megaprojects!.........................................!81! 4.2!Situation!Analysis:!the!HZMB’s!Potential!Impacts!on!the!GPRD!............................!83! 4.2.1!Hong!Kong)Situation!Analysis!on!Economic!and!Tourism!Forces!................!84! 4.2.2!Macau)Situation!Analysis!of!Economic!and!Tourism!Forces!..........................!89! 4.2.3!Guang!Dong)Situation!Analysis!of!Economic!and!Tourism!Forces!...............!94! 4.2.4!The!GPRD)Situation!Analysis!of!Current!Regional!Policies!.............................!99! 4.3!Interview!Results!and!Discussions!...................................................................................!102!