ADEOS-II - Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II - Reference Handbook Introduction Chapter 1 ADEOS-II Science Research Plan 1. Targets and objectives............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Targets..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 2 2. Aeronomy .............................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Aeronomy with ADEOS-II..................................................................................... 3 2.2 Investigation into water cycle involving clouds ..................................................... 4 2.3 Investigation into influence on aerosols ................................................................. 5 2.4 Investigation into aeronomy in the polar regions ................................................... 5 3. Oceanography ........................................................................................................ 6 3.1 Oceanography with ADEOS-II............................................................................... 6 3.2 Marine metrology and physical oceanography....................................................... 7 3.2.1 Sea surface fluxes measurement using the satellite ....................................... 7 3.2.2 Investigation into ocean circulation mechanism............................................ 8 3.3 Marine biophysics................................................................................................. 10 3.3.1 Estimates of biomass and productivity ........................................................ 10 3.3.2 Investigation into mechanism of constituents circulation and food chain in ocean ............................................................................................................ 11 4 Hydrology ............................................................................................................ 13 4.1 Development of Hydrology with ADEOS-II........................................................ 13 4.2 Estimates of Primary Order of Water Amount ..................................................... 14 4.3 Tasks of Algorithm Development and Validation................................................ 18 5. CRYOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 19 5.1 Development of Cryology with ADEOS-II .......................................................... 19 5.2 Change in distribution of Ocean Ice, Glacial and Ice Sheet /Science with Microwave ............................................................................................................ 20 5.3 Science with Optical Observations ....................................................................... 21 6. Vegetation............................................................................................................ 24 6.1 Importance of observing vegetation with ADEOS-II ........................................... 24 6.2 Investigation into water-energy cycle process...................................................... 24 6.3 Assumption of carbon cycle and plant primary productivity................................ 24 6.4 Monitoring greenhouse effects ............................................................................. 25 6.5 Contribution to vegetation research and practical use .......................................... 25 7. For Comprehensive understanding ...................................................................... 26 8. Combination of remote sensing data with numerical value models .................... 28 9. Field program....................................................................................................... 31 1. GLI....................................................................................................................... 33 1.1 Scientific objectives.............................................................................................. 33 1.2 Overview of Mission Instruments......................................................................... 35 1.3 Specific ................................................................................................................. 38 1.3.1 Types of Higher-order Products................................................................... 38 1.3.2 Definition of Higher-order Products............................................................ 38 1.3.2.1 Standard Products ................................................................................. 38 1.3.2.2 Near-Real-Time Products ..................................................................... 38 i 1.3.2.3 Browse Data.......................................................................................... 38 1.3.2.4 Research Product .................................................................................. 39 1.3.3 Scene Definition........................................................................................... 46 1.3.4 Processing Level Definitions ....................................................................... 46 1.3.4.1 Level 1 .................................................................................................. 46 1.3.4.2 Level 2A (GLI-1km)............................................................................. 46 1.3.4.3 Level 2 .................................................................................................. 47 1.3.4.4 Level 2MAP.......................................................................................... 49 1.3.4.5 Level 3 Binned...................................................................................... 51 1.3.4.6 Level 3 STA Map.................................................................................. 56 1.3.5 Image Catalog (GLI 1km)............................................................................ 59 1.3.6 Standard Product Processing Format........................................................... 60 1.3.7 GAIT............................................................................................................ 61 1.3.7.1 GAIT Organization ............................................................................... 61 1.3.7.2 GAIT Analysis and Evaluation Functions ............................................ 61 1.3.8 GLI First-light images.................................................................................. 66 1.4 Calibration and Validation.................................................................................... 68 1.4.1 Calibration and Validation Plan................................................................... 68 1.4.1.1 Overview............................................................................................... 68 1.4.1.2 Definitions............................................................................................. 69 1.4.1.3 System................................................................................................... 70 1.4.1.4 Schedule................................................................................................ 72 1.4.1.5 Information Disclosure Policy .............................................................. 73 1.4.2 Calibration Plan ........................................................................................... 76 1.4.2.1 Solar-Ray Calibration and Internal-Lamp Calibration ......................... 76 1.4.2.2 Black-Body Calibration ........................................................................ 78 1.4.2.3 Geometric Calibration........................................................................... 79 1.4.2.4 Evaluation of Sensor Characteristics and Image Quality ..................... 80 1.4.2.5 Vicarious Calibration, Cross Calibration.............................................. 82 1.4.2.6 L1-Process Software ............................................................................. 84 1.4.3 Validation Plan............................................................................................. 85 1.4.3.1 Atmosphere........................................................................................... 85 1.4.3.2 Ocean .................................................................................................... 87 1.4.3.3 Land ...................................................................................................... 89 1.4.3.4 Cryosphere ............................................................................................ 91 2. AMSR ................................................................................................................... 93 2.1 Scientific Objectives ............................................................................................. 93 2.2 Overview of the Mission Instruments................................................................... 94 2.3 Specific ................................................................................................................. 96 2.3.1 Products........................................................................................................ 96 2.3.2 Definition of higher-order products............................................................. 96 2.3.2.1 Standard products.................................................................................. 96 2.3.2.2