Hsqldb User Guide The HSQLDB Development GroupEdited by Blaine Simpson and Fred Toussi Hsqldb User Guide by The HSQLDB Development Group, Blaine Simpson, and Fred Toussi Published $Date: 2007/08/28 12:13:28 $ Copyright 2002-2007 HSQLDB Development Group. Permission is granted to distribute this document without any alteration un- der the terms of the HSQLDB license. Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................. xi Available formats for this document ...................................................................... xi 1. Running and Using Hsqldb ........................................................................................ 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Running Tools ....................................................................................................1 Running Hsqldb .................................................................................................. 2 Server Modes .....................................................................................................2 Hsqldb Server ............................................................................................. 3 Hsqldb Web Server ..................................................................................... 3 Hsqldb Servlet ............................................................................................ 3 In-Process (Standalone) Mode ....................................................................... 4 Memory-Only Databases .............................................................................. 5 General .............................................................................................................5 Closing the Database ................................................................................... 5 Using Multiple Databases in One JVM ............................................................ 5 Creating a New Database .............................................................................. 6 Using the Database Engine ................................................................................... 6 Different Types of Tables ............................................................................. 6 Constraints and Indexes ................................................................................ 7 SQL Support ..............................................................................................7 JDBC Support ............................................................................................8 2. SQL Issues .............................................................................................................9 Purpose .............................................................................................................9 SQL Standard Support ......................................................................................... 9 Constraints and Indexes ........................................................................................ 9 Primary Key Constraints ............................................................................... 9 Unique Constraints .................................................................................... 10 Unique Indexes ......................................................................................... 10 FOREIGN KEYS ...................................................................................... 10 Indexes and Query Speed ............................................................................ 10 Where Condition or Join ............................................................................. 11 Subqueries and Joins .................................................................................. 12 Types and Arithmetic Operations ......................................................................... 12 Integral Types .......................................................................................... 13 Other Numeric Types ................................................................................. 13 Bit and Boolean Types ............................................................................... 14 Storage and Handling of Java Objects ........................................................... 14 Type Size, Precision and Scale .................................................................... 14 Sequences and Identity ....................................................................................... 15 Identity Auto-Increment Columns ................................................................ 15 Sequences ................................................................................................ 15 Issues with Transactions ..................................................................................... 16 New Features and Changes ................................................................................. 16 3. UNIX Quick Start .................................................................................................. 17 Purpose ........................................................................................................... 17 Installation ....................................................................................................... 17 Setting up Database Instance and Server ................................................................ 19 Accessing your Database .................................................................................... 20 Create additional Accounts ................................................................................. 23 Shutdown ........................................................................................................ 24 Running Hsqldb as a System Daemon ................................................................... 24 Portability of hsqldb init script ..................................................................... 24 Init script Setup Procedure .......................................................................... 24 iv Hsqldb User Guide Troubleshooting the Init Script .................................................................... 28 4. Advanced Topics ................................................................................................... 30 Purpose ........................................................................................................... 30 Connections ..................................................................................................... 30 Connection properties ................................................................................ 31 Properties Files ................................................................................................. 32 Server and Web Server Properties ................................................................ 33 Starting a Server from your application ......................................................... 34 Individual Database Properties ..................................................................... 34 SQL Commands for Database Properties ............................................................... 37 5. Deployment Issues ................................................................................................. 39 Purpose ........................................................................................................... 39 Mode of Operation and Tables ............................................................................. 39 Mode of Operation .................................................................................... 39 Tables ..................................................................................................... 39 Large Objects ........................................................................................... 40 Deployment context ................................................................................... 40 Memory and Disk Use ....................................................................................... 40 Cache Memory Allocation .......................................................................... 41 Managing Database Connections .......................................................................... 42 Upgrading Databases ......................................................................................... 42 Upgrading Using the SCRIPT Command ....................................................... 43 Manual Changes to the .script File ................................................................ 43 Backing Up Databases ....................................................................................... 44 6. Text Tables ........................................................................................................... 45 The Implementation ........................................................................................... 45 Definition of Tables ................................................................................... 45 Scope and Reassignment ............................................................................ 46 Null Values in Columns of Text Tables ......................................................... 46 Configuration ........................................................................................... 46 Disconnecting Text Tables .........................................................................