PSEG Site ESP Application Part 2, Site Safety Analysis Report CHAPTER 2 SITE CHARACTERISTICS AND SITE PARAMETERS TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page 2.0 SITE CHARACTERISTICS...............................................................................2.0-1 2.1 GEOGRAPHY AND DEMOGRAPHY...............................................................2.1-1 2.1.1 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION.............................................................2.1-1 2.1.1.1 Specification of Location ....................................................................2.1-1 2.1.1.2 Site Description and Site Map............................................................2.1-1 2.1.1.3 Boundaries for Establishing Effluent Release Limits..........................2.1-2 2.1.2 EXCLUSION AREA AUTHORITY AND CONTROL ..........................................2.1-2 2.1.2.1 Authority .............................................................................................2.1-2 2.1.2.2 Control of Activities Unrelated to Plant Operation ..............................2.1-3 2.1.2.3 Arrangements for Traffic Control ........................................................2.1-3 2.1.2.4 Abandonment or Relocation of Roads ...............................................2.1-3 2.1.3 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................2.1-4 2.1.3.1 Resident Population within 10 Miles ..................................................2.1-4 2.1.3.2 Resident Population between 10 and 50 Miles ..................................2.1-5 2.1.3.3 Transient Population ..........................................................................2.1-5 2.1.3.3.1 Transient Population within 10 Miles..................................................2.1-5 2.1.3.3.2 Transient Population between 10 and 50 Miles .................................2.1-6 2.1.3.4 Low Population Zone .........................................................................2.1-6 2.1.3.5 Population Center ..............................................................................2.1-7 2.1.3.6 Population Density .............................................................................2.1-7 2.1.4 REFERENCES .................................................................................................2.1-8 2.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS IN SITE VICINITY ..................2.2-1 2.2.1 LOCATIONS AND ROUTES.............................................................................2.2-1 2.2.2 DESCRIPTIONS...............................................................................................2.2-2 2.2.2.1 Industrial Facilities..............................................................................2.2-3 2.2.2.1.1 Hope Creek Generating Station .........................................................2.2-3 2.2.2.1.2 Salem Generating Station ..................................................................2.2-3 2.2.2.1.3 Port Penn Sewage Treatment Plant...................................................2.2-3 2.2.2.1.4 Lower Alloways Creek Township Buildings ........................................2.2-3 2.2.2.2 Pipelines.............................................................................................2.2-3 2.2.2.3 Waterways..........................................................................................2.2-4 2.2.2.3.1 Alloway Creek ....................................................................................2.2-4 2.2.2.3.2 Delaware River...................................................................................2.2-4 2.2.2.3.3 Chesapeake and Delaware Canal .....................................................2.2-4 2.2.2.3.4 Salem River........................................................................................2.2-4 2.2.2.4 Mining Operations ..............................................................................2.2-5 Rev. 0 2-i PSEG Site ESP Application Part 2, Site Safety Analysis Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Title Page 2.2.2.5 Highways............................................................................................2.2-5 2.2.2.6 Railroads ............................................................................................2.2-5 2.2.2.7 Airports, Airways, and Military Training Routes ..................................2.2-5 2.2.2.7.1 Airports...............................................................................................2.2-5 2.2.2.7.2 Airways...............................................................................................2.2-6 2.2.2.8 Military................................................................................................2.2-6 2.2.2.9 Projections of Industrial Growth .........................................................2.2-6 2.2.3 EVALUATIONS OF POTENTIAL ACCIDENTS.................................................2.2-7 2.2.3.1 Determination of Design-Basis Events...............................................2.2-7 2.2.3.2 Effects of Design-Basis Events ..........................................................2.2-8 2.2.3.2.1 Probabilistic Analysis Methods...........................................................2.2-8 2.2.3.2.2 Explosions..........................................................................................2.2-11 2.2.3.2.3 Flammable Vapor Clouds...................................................................2.2-14 2.2.3.2.4 Toxic Chemicals .................................................................................2.2-16 2.2.3.2.5 Fires ...................................................................................................2.2-17 2.2.3.2.6 Conclusions........................................................................................2.2-19 2.2.3.3 Collisions with Intake Structure ..........................................................2.2-20 2.2.3.4 Liquid Spills ........................................................................................2.2-21 2.2.3.5 Radiological Hazards .........................................................................2.2-21 2.2.4 REFERENCES .................................................................................................2.2-22 2.3 METEOROLOGY .............................................................................................2.3-1 2.3.1 REGIONAL CLIMATOLOGY.............................................................................2.3-1 2.3.1.1 Landforms and Ground Surface Character of the Site Region...........2.3-1 2.3.1.2 General Climate of the Site Region....................................................2.3-1 2.3.1.3 Identification of Representative Regional Weather Monitoring Stations ..............................................................................................2.3-5 2.3.1.4 Data Sources .....................................................................................2.3-8 2.3.1.5 Severe Weather .................................................................................2.3-10 2.3.1.5.1 Extreme Wind.....................................................................................2.3-10 2.3.1.5.2 Tornadoes ..........................................................................................2.3-10 2.3.1.5.3 Tropical Cyclones...............................................................................2.3-11 2.3.1.5.4 Precipitation Extremes .......................................................................2.3-11 2.3.1.5.5 Hail, Snowstorms, and Ice Storms .....................................................2.3-13 2.3.1.5.6 Thunderstorms ...................................................................................2.3-13 2.3.1.6 Meteorological Data for Evaluating the Ultimate Heat Sink................2.3-14 2.3.1.7 Design Basis Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb Temperatures ..........................2.3-15 2.3.1.8 Restrictive Dispersion Conditions ......................................................2.3-17 2.3.1.9 Air Quality...........................................................................................2.3-18 2.3.1.10 Climate Changes................................................................................2.3-18 2.3.1.11 References.........................................................................................2.3-19 2.3.2 LOCAL METEOROLOGY.................................................................................2.3-25 2.3.2.1 Data Sources .....................................................................................2.3-25 Rev. 0 2-ii PSEG Site ESP Application Part 2, Site Safety Analysis Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Title Page 2.3.2.2 Normal, Mean, and Extreme Values of Meteorological Parameters...2.3-27 2.3.2.2.1 Wind ...................................................................................................2.3-28 2.3.2.2.1.1 Scales of Air Motion ...........................................................................2.3-28 2.3.2.2.1.2 On-Site Wind Roses during Three Year Period..................................2.3-28 2.3.2.2.1.3 On-Site Wind Roses during 32 Year Period .......................................2.3-29 2.3.2.2.1.4 Comparison of Annual and Seasonal Three Year On-Site Wind Roses with Annual and Seasonal Regional Station Wind Roses .......2.3-30 2.3.2.2.1.5 Wind Direction Persistence ................................................................2.3-30 2.3.2.2.2 Atmospheric Stability..........................................................................2.3-31 2.3.2.2.3 Temperature