Development of DSRC Device and Communication System Performance Measures Recommendations for DSRC OBE Performance and Security Requirements www.its.dot.gov/index.htm Final Report – May 22, 2016 FHWA-JPO-17-483 1.1.1.1.1.1 Produced by Booz Allen Hamilton for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The U.S. Government is not endorsing any manufacturers, products, or services cited herein and any trade name that may appear in the work has been included only because it is essential to the contents of the work. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-JPO-17-483 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Development of DSRC Device and Communication System Performance May 22, 2016 Measures 6. Performing Organization Code Recommendations for DSRC OBE Performance and Security Requirements 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Ed Adams, Scott Andrews, Mona Asudegi, Seyithan Ayhan, Patrick Chuang, John Collins, Justin Fisher, Dennis Fleming, Larry Frank, Derek Freckleton, Ben Fuja, Dominie Garcia, Stefanie Goodwin, Dwayne Henclewood, Christopher Hill, Raj Kamalanathsharma, Josh Kolleda, Virendra Kumar, Steven Le, Justin McNew, Nick Nahas, Jonathan Petit, Tyler Poling, Kelli Raboy, Ray Resendes, Sara Sarkhili, William Whyte 9. Performing Organization Name And Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Booz Allen Hamilton 8283 Greensboro Drive 11. Contract or Grant No. McLean, VA 22102 DTFH61-11-D-00019 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Final Draft, July 18, 2014 – May 22, 1200 New Jersey Ave SE 2016 Washington, D.C. 20590 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract This report presents recommendations for minimum DSRC device communication performance and security requirements to ensure effective operation of the DSRC system. The team identified recommended DSRC communications requirements aligned to use cases, performance needs, DSRC functions, existing research, testing and simulation findings, and also developed compliance test procedure recommendations. The team also identifies recommended security functional requirements following the Common Criteria methodology which aligns requirements to a Target of Evaluation (TOE), threats, assumptions, security organizational policies, and security objectives. The report also includes discussions about outstanding decisions that will affect the operations and performance of the DSRC elements in the system. Next steps and additional analyses that could help further define performance and security requirements are also discussed. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Connected vehicle system, connected vehicle program, Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), performance requirements, security requirements, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), on-board equipment (OBE) 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price 293 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................. 1 Background 1 Purpose and Scope ................................................................................................................. 1 Summary of Project Approach ................................................................................................ 2 Findings and Recommendations ............................................................................................ 3 Conclusions 6 1 Definitions ...................................................................................................... 7 2 Introduction .................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Overview of Phase I .................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Phase II: Project Purpose and Scope ........................................................................ 15 2.3 Project Methodology .................................................................................................... 16 3 Project Assumptions ....................................................................................... 18 4 Developing DSRC OBE Performance Requirements ................................. 21 4.1 Final Set of Recommended Communications Performance Requirements (Condensed) ..................................................................................................... 21 4.1.1 Definitions and Purpose .............................................................................. 21 4.2 Summary of Existing Supporting Standards and Research ..................................... 37 4.2.1 Existing Standards ...................................................................................... 37 4.2.2 Existing Reports and Research .................................................................. 38 4.3 Data Collection Tests and Simulations ....................................................................... 41 4.3.1 High Level Findings ..................................................................................... 43 4.3.2 Software Development to Support Data Collection Testing ..................... 47 4.3.3 Range vs. Power and Data Rate Test ........................................................ 48 4.3.4 Time Sync and Stability Test ....................................................................... 63 4.3.5 Capture Ratio / Hidden Terminal Test ........................................................ 65 4.3.6 Congestion Test ........................................................................................... 72 4.3.7 Communication Simulations ....................................................................... 76 4.3.8 Transmit Power and Antenna Gain and Sensitivity Envelope Analysis and Simulation .................................................................................................... 77 4.3.9 Congestion Simulation ................................................................................ 80 4.3.10 Hidden Terminal Simulations (with and without congestion) .................... 83 4.3.11 Informing the Opnet Simulation with Field Test Data ................................ 91 4.3.12 Plausibility and Hazard Detection Analysis and Simulation ..................... 94 5 Developing DSRC OBE Security Requirements ........................................ 109 5.1 Summary of Recommended Security Requirements ............................................. 112 5.1.1 Security Objectives .................................................................................... 112 5.2 Building Blocks of Security Requirements ............................................................... 121 5.2.1 Target of Evaluation ................................................................................... 122 5.2.2 Security Problem Definition ...................................................................... 123 5.3 Background on Developing Security Requirements ............................................... 126 5.3.1 Approach in Selecting a Methodology ..................................................... 126 5.3.2 Objective and Desired Properties ............................................................ 126 5.3.3 Existing Research...................................................................................... 128 U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Development of DSRC Device and Communication System Performance Measures – Final Report | iii 5.3.4 Consolidated List of Security Areas and Gap Analysis ........................... 129 5.3.5 Requirements Specification Process ....................................................... 130 5.3.6 Testing Process ......................................................................................... 130 5.3.7 Selected Security Requirements Development Methodology ............... 131 6 Recommended Compliance Tests and Validation Testing ...................... 133 6.1 High-Level Compliance Tests Aligned to Performance Requirements .................. 133 6.1.1 Recommended Compliance Approaches ................................................ 134 6.1.2 Recommended Compliance Test Summary............................................ 135 6.2 Certification Testing for Foundational Standards: SAE J2735, IEEE 802.11, and IEEE 1609 Suite ....................................................................................................... 138 6.3 Validation Testing and Simulation ............................................................................. 139 6.3.1 Rationale for Selected Compliance Tests for Validation Testing and Simulation .................................................................................................. 140 6.3.2 Selected Validation Tests and Simulations .............................................. 140 6.3.3 Transmit Power and Antenna Gain and Sensitivity Envelope Validation Test 141 6.3.4 BSM Parameter Error Proof of Concept Test .......................................... 149 6.3.5 Level 1 Plausibility Check POC Simulation ............................................