OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY and HEALTH PROFILE TURKEY This Study is funded by the ILO Project “Improving Occupational Health and Safety in Turkey through Compliance with International Labour Standards” 9 789221 310631 127 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY and HEALTH PROFILE TURKEY Ankara – 2016 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2016 First published 2016 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. 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Bilir, Nazmi Occupational safety and health profile : Turkey / Nazmi Bilir ; International Labour Organization, ILO Office for Turkey. - Ankara: ILO, 2016 ISBN: 9789221310624; 9789221310631 (web pdf) International Labour Organization, ILO Office for Turkey occupational safety / occupational health / Turkey 13.04.2 Also available in (Turkish): (İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Profili - Türkiye) (9789228310627 (print) 9789228310634 (web pdf), Ankara, (2016) ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. ILO publications and digital products can be obtained through major booksellers and digital distribution platforms, or ordered directly from [email protected]. For more information, visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns or contact [email protected]. Printed in Turkey 2 Preface (ILO) This Occupational Safety and Health Profile is a further step in Turkey’s ongoing efforts to improve its national occupational safety and health (OSH) system in line with international OSH standards. These standards include the ILO Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 (No. 187), which entered into force for Turkey on 16 January 2015. This profile follows up on Paragraph 13 of the Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Recommendation No. 197 which supplements Convention No. 187 and provides that Member states should prepare and regularly update a national profile which summarizes the existing situation on OSH and the progress made towards achieving a safe and healthy working environment. This profile was commissioned by the ILO as part of a Technical Assistance Program on Occupational Safety and Health carried out at the ILO office for Turkey in Ankara. It was prepared by Mr. Nazmi Bilir, Professor of Public Health at the Hacettepe University, Institute of Public Health, in cooperation with the ILO, the Ministry of Labour and Social Security Directorate General for OSH, the social partners and other relevant stakeholders and has been veted in a tripartite context. The purpose of this document is to serve as a baseline for a regular review and further development of policy, planning and directions adopted to enhance OSH for all. It is hoped that it will assist all stakeholders in their efforts to create a safe and healthy working environment in Turkey. Numan Ozcan Director ILO Office for Turkey 3 Foreword (Author) Occupational safety and health is a global concern. More than 3.2 million deaths occur every year due to work-related accidents and diseases. Moreover, 160 million new cases of occupational diseases and 300 million non-fatal occupational accidents are reported annually. The economic burden due to work-related diseases and deaths and loss of productivity accounts for 4% of GDP globally. Therefore, provision and promotion of a safe and healthy work environment should be a priority. The recently ratified Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 (No. 187) entered into force for Turkey in 16 January 2015. According to its accompanying Recommendation No. 197, members should prepare and regularly update a national profile which summarizes the existing situation on occupational safety and health and the progress made towards achieving a safe and healthy working environment. It is against this background and taking into account the guidance provided in Recommendation No. 197 that the present National OSH profile has been prepared. The Profile was prepared with a tripartite approach, through a series of communications with the stakeholders in working life i.e. the Ministry of Labour and Social Security and other relevant ministries; representatives of workers and employers associations; and other relevant governmental and non-governmental organizations. The information from the relevant institutions was provided mostly by visiting the institutions, some through electronic sources. The collected information was presented as it was, without adding any comment or personal opinion, as asked by ILO officials. The Profile includes a legislative basis and policies, inspection and enforcement mechanisms, and an infrastructure of occupational safety and health in the country in terms of organizations and human resources. Also explained are the activities of various partners in occupational safety and health in the country; communication and collaboration among them and policy review mechanisms; and international collaboration mechanisms. Moreover, general health and demographic data; provision of occupational safety and health services; occupational safety and health training for professionals and for different segments in the community; and statistics of basic indicators of occupational safety and health were summarized in the Profile, in accordance with the outline recommended by ILO. At the end of the report, significant points were highlighted in summary. The Profile is expected to serve as an initial document to help developing a safer and healthier work environment in the country, as well as a basis for discussions in the field of occupational safety and health. Nazmi Bilir, MD. 9 4 Foreword (Author) Table of Contents Occupational safety and health is a global concern. More than 3.2 million deaths occur every year Foreword (ILO) .........................................................................................................................................................................................................5 due to work-related accidents and diseases. Moreover, 160 million new cases of occupational diseases and 300 million non-fatal occupational accidents are reported annually. The economic Foreword (Author) ..................................................................................................................................................................................................6 burden due to work-related diseases and deaths and loss of productivity accounts for 4% of GDP globally. Therefore, provision and promotion of a safe and healthy work environment should be a Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................................................................10 priority. The recently ratified Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 (No. 187) entered into force for Turkey in 16 January 2015. According to its 1. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................................................................................13 accompanying Recommendation No. 197, members should prepare and regularly update a national profile which summarizes the existing situation on occupational safety and health and the progress 1.1. Constitution ............................................................................................................................................................................................13 made towards achieving a safe and healthy working environment. It is against this background and taking into account the guidance provided in Recommendation No. 197 that the present National 1.2. Occupational Safety and Health Law (No. 6331; 2012) .....................................................................................................13 OSH profile has been prepared. The Profile was prepared with a tripartite approach, through a series of communications with the 1.3. Other relevant laws .............................................................................................................................................................................14