Lesson 1800 1825 1850 1803 1806 The United States 1805 Zebulon Pike purchases Louisiana Lewis and Clark explores the from France reach the Pacific Ocean Southwest WHAT TO KNOW What lands did the United States gain from the Exploring Louisiana Purchase? Explain why President Jefferson agreed to buy the West Louisiana from France. Describe the expedition YOUO to explore the lands of AREA Sunlight warms the crowd in the New the Louisiana Purchase. HEREH T Orleans city square. Like everybody else, you are watching the men in the center of the square. VOCABULARY trespass p. 518 They are raising a red-and-white striped flag. “Look, that’s the American flag,” people whisper to PEOPLE each other as the flag unfurls in the wind. As of today, Thomas Jefferson Napoleon Bonaparte December 20, 1803, New Orleans no longer belongs Meriwether Lewis to France. Your home is now on land owned by the William Clark United States! York Sacagawea Zebulon Pike The United States PLACES flag is raised over Fort Mandan New Orleans. Pikes Peak Focus Skill GENERALIZE California Standards HSS 5.3, 5.8, 5.8.3 514 ■ Unit 6 SSXECA07ASEAX_U6C12L3.inddXECA07ASEAX_U6C12L3.indd 551414 112/14/042/14/04 22:56:13:56:13 PPMM 50 °N 140°W The Louisiana Purchase 130°W . R a i b CANADA 0 200 400 Miles lu m (BRITAIN) Co 0 200 400 Kilometers D CLA WIS Albers Equal-Area Projection LEW AN RK LE MAINE I S LE uper W ke S ior (part of C I S CLARK Fort La olu A N D M MA) mbia R. CLARK . is Mandan VT s L 40 R o a °N OREGON e n k R n u M e NH to a Lake ows r is H g COUNTRY Yell i si i u NEW O s Ontario MA S R s r ip h °N n o . p c YORK 40 i a i n C L CT RI k R E M e e W . ri IS e PACIFIC Ri K A E ver LOUISIANA N k ke D a La L PENNSYLVANIA Y PURCHASE OCEAN C NJ Great L A Pl er OHIO Salt at iv R INDIANA MD te R M K DE Lake M TERRITORY . ATLANTIC is R MEXICO s O Pikes o h io (SPAIN) er O u OCEAN iv Peak r VIRGINIA United States R i St. Louis U PIKE R do i er ra v KENTUCKY lo N A Louisiana Purchase, 1803 Co r NORTH k . T a R CAROLINA n s i TENNESSEE a p A Santa Fe s Oregon Country Rive p SOUTH r i s s CAROLINA I R i ed s TERRITORY Riv s N N er i ° Outward route SOUTH OF GEORGIA 30 M OHIO RIVER of Lewis and Clark, S 1804–1805 R Natchitoches MISSISSIPPI io MEXICO N G (SPAIN) TERRITORY r a E Return route n FLORIDA d New (SPAIN) of Lewis and Clark, e W 70°W 1805–1806 Orleans S Route of Pike, 1806–1807 Gulf of Mexico 110°W 90°W 80°W Analyze Maps Place What river marked the western border of the United States before the Louisiana Purchase? The Louisiana Purchase Louisiana back to France. Jefferson feared that if the French controlled Louisiana, On March 4, 1801, Thomas Jefferson they could stop settlers from moving became the third President of the United farther west. States. At his inauguration, Jefferson Jefferson sent representatives to spoke of his hopes, calling the United France to ask Napoleon Bonaparte States “a rising nation, spread over a (nuh•POH•lee•yuhn BOH•nuh•part), wide and fruitful land.”* He knew, how- the leader of France, to sell New Orleans ever, that the nation faced some serious and nearby lands. At the time, France problems. was preparing for war with Britain. One problem was that the United Napoleon needed money to fight States had no ports of its own on the Gulf the British, so he offered to sell all of of Mexico. Farmers who lived in western Louisiana—more than 800,000 square areas had to ship their goods down the miles—for just $15 million. On April 30, Mississippi River to New Orleans, which 1803, the agreement became official, at the time was under Spain’s control. doubling the size of the United States. There, they could sell the goods to ships The sale of this huge territory became sailing for Europe and other areas. known as the Louisiana Purchase. Soon after Jefferson became President, GENERALIZE Spain gave New Orleans and the rest of Why did France agree to sell Louisiana? *Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson’s Call for Nationhood: The First Inaugural Address. Texas A&M University Press, 2003. Chapter 12 ■ 515 SSXECA07ASEAX_U6C12L3.inddXECA07ASEAX_U6C12L3.indd 551515 112/14/042/14/04 22:56:23:56:23 PPMM Exploring Louisiana of Discovery. One member of the group was York, an enslaved African American Few people in the United States knew owned by William Clark. York was highly much about the nation’s new lands that skilled in hunting and fishing. stretched from the Mississippi River to In May 1804, the group left its camp the Rocky Mountains and from New near present-day St. Louis and trav- Orleans north to Canada. To identify eled up the Missouri River by boat. By what resources the area had, President October, the expedition reached present- Jefferson asked Congress for money for day North Dakota, where it had to stop an expedition to explore the land. for the winter. The group built a small Jefferson chose Meriwether Lewis to camp near a Mandan Indian village and lead the expedition. A former Army offi- named it Fort Mandan. cer, Lewis had served in the Northwest At Fort Mandan, Lewis and Clark Territory. He chose a friend named hired a French fur trader to translate William Clark to help lead the expedi- Indian languages for them. The fur tion. Clark was responsible for keeping trader was married to a Shoshone records and making maps. (shuh•SHOH•nee) woman named Lewis and Clark put together a group Sacagawea (sa•kuh•juh•WEE•uh). Lewis of about 30 people, most of whom were and Clark asked her to help guide the soldiers, and called the group the Corps expedition through the Shoshone lands. THE JOURNEY OF LEWIS & CLARK Meriwether Lewis William Clark MAY 1804 NOVEMBER 1804 The Lewis and Clark Sacagawea joins expedition departs the expedition from Missouri Meriwether Lewis begins keeping an expedition journal (above) 516 SSXECA07ASEAX_U6C12L3.inddXECA07ASEAX_U6C12L3.indd 551616 112/14/042/14/04 22:56:27:56:27 PPMM In the spring of 1805, the Lewis and In March 1806, the Corps of Discovery Clark expedition set out again, moving began the long journey back to St. Louis. farther up the Missouri River toward It reached St. Louis in September. Despite the Rocky Mountains. With Sacagawea’s the dangers the group had faced, all but help, the expedition bought horses from one member returned safely. The Corps the Shoshone to continue the journey of Discovery had done everything that through the mountain passes of the President Jefferson had asked of it. Rockies. After crossing the mountains, the Lewis and Clark had drawn maps to explorers built boats and rowed down the show the relative locations of mountain Clearwater, Snake, and Columbia Rivers passes and major rivers. They had spo- toward the Pacific coast. ken to many different American Indian In November 1805, after traveling for groups along the way. They also brought more than a year and covering more than back seeds, plants, and even live animals. 3,000 miles, the Lewis and Clark expedi- In later years, the work of Lewis and tion reached the Pacific Ocean. On that Clark helped American settlers find their day, Clark wrote in his journal: way to the Pacific coast. GENERALIZE Ocian [Ocean] in How did American Indian groups help Lewis and view!“ O! the joy!”* Clark during their expedition? *William Clark. The Journals of Lewis and Clark. Mariner Books, 1997. The expedition reaches the Pacific Ocean The expedition SEPTEMBER 1805 returns to St. Louis The expedition reaches Montana NOVEMBER 1805 SEPTEMBER 1806 Many American Indian leaders travel to Washington, D.C., to meet with President Jefferson (shown on the peace medal below) 517 SSXECA07ASEAX_U6C12L3.inddXECA07ASEAX_U6C12L3.indd 551717 112/14/042/14/04 22:56:38:56:38 PPMM Pike’s Journey released. When he returned to the United States, he described In 1806, another expedi- the route he had taken to the tion set off, to explore the Spanish lands and explained southwestern section of that the people living there the Louisiana Purchase. needed manufactured Captain Zebulon Pike led goods. Traders from the a small group that made United States soon headed discoveries about the into the Southwest to begin geography of the region. In trading with Spanish present-day Colorado, Pike settlers. saw a “blue mountain” in GENERALIZE the distance. Today, that moun- How did Zebulon Pike’s expedition tain is known as Pikes Peak, after Zebulon Pike affect trade with Spain? Zebulon Pike. The expedition followed the Rocky Summary Mountains south. Along the way, the explorers crossed into Spanish land In 1803, the United States bought without realizing it. The Spanish Louisiana from France. The Louisiana quickly arrested Pike and the others Purchase added a huge area of land to for trespassing, or entering their land the United States. Meriwether Lewis, without permission. Pike spent several William Clark, and Zebulon Pike explored months with the Spanish before being this new area. 1. What lands did the United States 6.