Future Directions 2007 Getting ready for what comes next '(ULFNVRQ-&ROOLHU60RQFNWRQ%%URWHQ-*LHVEUHFKW07UHQWLQL'+DQQD5 &KHVQH\'0DF.D\69HUUHW5$QGHUVRQ DefenceR&DCanada-Suffield 'HIHQFH5 '&DQDGD 7HFKQLFDO0HPRUDQGXP '5'&6XIILHOG70 'HFHPEHU Future Directions 2007 Getting ready for what comes next '(ULFNVRQ-&ROOLHU60RQFNWRQ%%URWHQ-*LHVEUHFKW07UHQWLQL'+DQQD5 &KHVQH\'0DF.D\69HUUHW5$QGHUVRQ DefenceR&DCanada-Suffield DefenceR&DCanada±Suffield TechnicalMemorandum DRDCSuffieldTM 'HFHPEHU2007 Author D. Erickson Defence R & D Canada - Suffield Approved by D. Hanna Head/Tactical Vehicle Systems Section Approved for release by Dr. R. Clewley Chairman/Document Review Panel © Her Majesty the Queen as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 2007 © Sa majesté la reine, représentée par le ministre de la Défense nationale, 2007 Abstract ThispapersummarizestheFutureDirections2007planningsymposium’soutcomes thatwasheldbyDRDCSuffieldstaffon17and18September2007.Participants proposedunconstrainedfutureautonomyscenarios,outliningwhattheysawasthenext step.Participantpresentationswereusedtoextractcommontimelinesandthemes aboutautonomoussystemsdevelopmentandmilitaryrobotics.Thissymposiumalso reviewedtheVWDWHRIWKHDUW,currentprograms,criticalresearchareas,andindicated promisingfutureresearchavenuesthatfitthecurrenttrends.Thesymposiumalso reviewedthepracticalityofreachingfullUnmannedVehicles(UxV)autonomyand recommendsamanintheloopsystemsconceptfortheforeseeablefuture.Giventhis systemconceptreality,itrecognizedanimportantshiftinfocustointroducemore “automaticity”soonerasanotherwaytoimpacttheclientandbringaboutautonomyin thelongerterm. Resume /HSUpVHQWUDSSRUWVHYHXWXQUpVXPpGHVUpVXOWDWVGX6\PSRVLXPVXUODSODQLILFDWLRQ GHVDFWLYLWpVGHIRQGpVXUOHVRULHQWDWLRQVIXWXUHVTXLDpWpWHQXSDUOHSHUVRQQHO GH5''&6XIILHOGOHVHWVHSWHPEUH/HVSDUWLFLSDQWVRQWSURSRVpGHV VFpQDULRVG¶DXWRQRPLHIXWXUHVDQVFRQWUDLQWHD[pVVXUOHXUYLVLRQGHODSURFKDLQHpWDSH jVXLYUH/HVSUpVHQWDWLRQVRQWSHUPLVG¶H[WUDLUHGHVpFKpDQFLHUVHWGHVWKqPHV FRPPXQVHQPDWLqUHGHGpYHORSSHPHQWGHV\VWqPHVDXWRQRPHVHWGHURERWLTXH PLOLWDLUH/H6\PSRVLXPSRUWDLWVXUO¶pWDWGHODWHFKQLTXHOHVSURJUDPPHVDFWXHOVHW OHVGRPDLQHVGHUHFKHUFKHHVVHQWLHOVHWDSHUPLVG¶LGHQWLILHUGHVSLVWHVGHUHFKHUFKH SURPHWWHXVHVFRUUHVSRQGDQWDX[WHQGDQFHVDFWXHOOHV2Q\DpJDOHPHQWWUDLWpGHOD IDLVDELOLWpG¶REWHQLUGHVYpKLFXOHVVDQVpTXLSDJH 9;6( HQWLqUHPHQWDXWRQRPHVHW UHFRPPDQGpXQFRQFHSWGHV\VWqPHVIRQGpVVXUO¶LQWHUYHQWLRQKXPDLQHSRXUXQDYHQLU SUpYLVLEOH/DUpDOLWpGHFHFRQFHSWUHFRQQDLVVDLWOHFKDQJHPHQWG¶REMHFWLI FRQVLGpUDEOHVRLWFHOXLG¶LQWURGXLUHGDYDQWDJHG¶©DXWRPDWLFLWpªSOXVUDSLGHPHQWHQ WDQWTX¶DXWUHIDoRQG¶LQIOXHUVXUOHFOLHQWHWGHSHUPHWWUHXQHDXWRQRPLHjORQJWHUPH DRDCSuffield70 L This page intentionally left blank. LL DRDCSuffield70 Executive Summary )XWXUH'LUHFWLRQV*HWWLQJUHDG\IRUZKDWFRPHV QH[W '(ULFNVRQ-&ROOLHU60RQFNWRQ%%URWHQ-*LHVEUHFKW07UHQWLQL' +DQQD5&KHVQH\'0DF.D\69HUUHW5$QGHUVRQ '5'&6XIILHOG70'HIHQFH5 '&DQDGD±6XIILHOG'HFHPEHU ThispaperdescribestheoutcomesoftheFutureDirections2007symposiumheldbyDRDC SuffieldstaffattheRedTecInc.facilityon17and18September2007.Thesymposiumwas anopportunitytomuseaboutthefuturebasedonmanyyearsexperience,frustration,and thought.Eachparticipantwasgiventheopportunitytoproposeafuturevisionfor autonomoussystemsandfromthisidentifytheimportantfactorsforthisresearchfieldinthe future.Fromeachindividual’scommontimelines,themes,andresearchareaswere extracted.Whatisimportantaboutthesefindingsishowindividualscametosimilar conclusionsabouttherealfutureofautonomoussystems,withoutthebenefitofpre- discussion.Noonethoughtthegoalwasunattainable,butthesomefeltthetraditionalforced adoptionstrategymaynotbetheonlywaytoarriveatfullautonomy. Thesymposiumproducedmanydiverseopinionsoutofdiscussionsandtherewasgeneral consensus,notnecessarilyunanimous,attendeesarrivedatforthefollowing recommendations: 1. DRDC,AISSinparticular,shouldadoptNIST1011(ALFUS)autonomyscale conventionsforfuturework.Theadvantagesareastandardizationofterminology,an apples-applescomparisonwithUSprojects,analignmentthatenhances interoperability,andapotentialmanagementtooltoconsiderautonomoussystem proposals. 2. Communication,perception,cognition,complexity,visualsimultaneouslocalization andmapping,complexsensing,teamwork,learning,andintelligentmobilityarethe criticalresearchareasthatAISSshouldfocusoninordertoapproachthefullautonomy goal. 3. AISSshoulddevelopandnurtureamorefocusedrelationshipwithDLCD/DLSCfor autonomousvehiclesystemconceptsexploration/presentation.Afocusedpartnership willlessentheAISSburdentoconvincedepartmentsoftheimportancewhileadjusting expectationstomorepracticalsolutions. DRDCSuffield70 LLL 4. Based on the common themes identified, critical research areas’ status, and time lines discussed, ten broad project applications that are possible and practical should be pursued : (a) STRV Lite - improved hallway and stairway capable UGV ; (b) Logistics rotocraft - semiautonomous UAV for frontline convoy operations ; (c) Autonomous convoy - automating the current ground vehicles use din resupply ; (d) IEDD/EOD UGV - continued development of EOD augmentation to protect soldiers ; (e) Multi-spectral sensing - investigate novel hyper-spectral sensing for vegetation classification ; (f) Teleoperated Air-dropped Demolition Munition (TADM) - develop dynamic autonomous demolition capability ; (g) Static Remote Weapons (SRW) - investigate forward operating base (FOB) protection using automated weapons ; (h) Sonobuoy - investigate increasing autonomy in naval sonobuoys ; (i) Multi-robot Target System - spin-off current SOA UGV teamwork into target systems ; (j) Arctic Sovereignty - investigate Arctic surveillance UGV/UAV systems 5. It is recommended that the FFCV project include a small UGV for dismounted infantry operations in urban areas. 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