TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................vii 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1- STRUCTURE OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................ 2 1.2- LANGUAGES ............................................................................................................ 3 1.3- COMPOSITION OF THE PROJECT......................................................................... 4 1.3.1- COMMITTEE ................................................................................................. 4 1.3.2- WORKING GROUP I: REFERENCE SYSTEM........................................... 6 1.3.3- WORKING GROUP II: GEOCENTRIC DATUM......................................... 7 1.3.4- SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL................................................................................. 8 2. WORKING GROUP I: REFERENCE SYSTEM ................................................................ 9 2.1- INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 9 2.2- GPS OBSERVATION CAMPAIGN OF THE SIRGAS REFERENCE FRAME..................................................................................................................... 10 2.3- PREPARATION OF OBSERVATION DATA AND DATA ARCHIVES ............. 16 2.4- PROCESSING .......................................................................................................... 21 2.4.1- PROCESSING OF THE SIRGAS 95 GPS NETWORK AT DGFI.............. 21 2.4.1.1- ABSTRACT ................................................................................. 21 2.4.1.2- INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 21 2.4.1.3- DATA SET ................................................................................... 22 2.4.1.4- NETWORK PROCESSING......................................................... 24 Strategy Outline ............................................................................ 24 Preprocessing with the Bernese Software..................................... 26 Combination of Normal Equations............................................... 31 2.4.1.5- RESULTS ..................................................................................... 32 Data Problems............................................................................... 32 Consistency of Daily Adjustments................................................ 34 Reference to ITRF......................................................................... 35 Final Solution................................................................................ 37 2.4.1.6- SUMMARY.................................................................................. 38 2.4.1.7- REFERENCE ............................................................................... 39 SIRGAS Final Report, Working Groups I and II i 2.4.2- THE NIMA’S DERIVATION OF STATION COORDINATES FOR THE SIRGAS CONTINENTAL REFERENCE NETWORK...................... 39 2.4.2.1- INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 39 2.4.2.2- PREPROCESSING ACTIVITIES................................................ 40 2.4.2.3- COMPUTATIONS AND ANALYSIS......................................... 40 GPS Absolute Point Positioning................................................... 40 Precise Orbits and Clocks............................................................. 41 Antenna Phase Center (LC) Offsets.............................................. 41 Quality Analysis............................................................................ 42 Problem Stations and Outlier Solutions........................................ 42 2.4.2.4- TRANSFORMATION PARAMETERS ...................................... 44 2.4.2.5- RESULTS ..................................................................................... 45 2.4.2.6- RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................. 45 2.4.2.7- REFERENCE ............................................................................... 45 2.5- FINAL COORDINATES OF THE SIRGAS 1995.4 REFERENCE FRAME ......... 53 2.6- FUTURE USE OF THE SIRGAS REFERENCE FRAME COORDINATES......... 59 2.6.1- INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 59 2.6.2- STATION VELOCITIES FROM REPEATED OBSERVATIONS............. 59 2.6.3- STATION VELOCITIES FROM CRUSTAL DEFORMATION MODELS ...................................................................................................... 60 2.6.4- THE USE OF SIRGAS COORDINATES AS A REFERENCE FRAME ......................................................................................................... 62 2.6.5- REFERENCES.............................................................................................. 63 3. WORKING GROUP II: GEOCENTRIC DATUM............................................................ 64 3.1- INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 64 3.2- CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES............................................. 64 3.2.1- ARGENTINA................................................................................................ 64 3.2.1.1- INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 64 3.2.1.2- ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES ACCORDING TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SANTIAGO MEETING IN AUGUST 1996 ....................... 65 3.2.1.3- MAP OF THE NATIONAL GEODETIC NETWORK ............... 65 3.2.1.4- DESCRIPTION OF THE INTEGRATION INTO SIRGAS ........ 65 3.2.1.5- STATUS OF THE REALIZATION............................................. 67 3.2.2- BOLIVIA....................................................................................................... 67 3.2.2.1- INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 67 3.2.2.2- ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES .......................... 67 3.2.2.3- MAP OF THE NATIONAL GEODETIC NETWORK ............... 68 3.2.2.4- DESCRIPTION OF THE INTEGRATION INTO SIRGAS ........ 68 3.2.2.5- STATUS OF REALIZATION...................................................... 68 3.2.2.6- SCHEDULE FOR FINAL RESULTS.......................................... 68 ii SIRGAS Final Report, Working Groups I and II 3.2.3- BRAZIL......................................................................................................... 71 3.2.3.1- INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 71 3.2.3.2- ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES ACCORDING TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SANTIAGO MEETING ...................................................... 71 3.2.3.3- MAP OF THE BRAZILIAN GEODETIC NETWORK............... 72 3.2.3.4- DESCRIPTION OF THE INTEGRATION OF THE NATIONAL GEODETIC NETWORK INTO SIRGAS .............. 72 3.2.3.5- SCHEDULE FOR PRESENTATION OF FINAL RESULTS ..................................................................................... 73 3.2.4- CHILE ........................................................................................................... 75 3.2.4.1- INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 75 3.2.4.2- ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE AGREEMENT OBJECTIVES............................................................................... 76 3.2.4.3- GENERAL MAP OF THE NATIONAL GPS GEODETIC NETWORKS ................................................................................ 76 3.2.4.4- DESCRIPTION OF THE INTEGRATION INTO THE SIRGAS NETWORK ................................................................... 76 3.2.4.5- STATUS OF THE REALIZATION............................................. 77 3.2.5- COLOMBIA.................................................................................................. 80 3.2.5.1- NEW NATIONAL GEODETIC NETWORK WITH GPS .......... 80 3.2.5.2- THE NEED FOR A NEW NETWORK ....................................... 80 3.2.5.3- REALIZATION OF THE PROJECT ........................................... 81 3.2.6- ECUADOR.................................................................................................... 83 3.2.7- FRENCH GUIANA ...................................................................................... 84 3.2.7.1- INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 84 3.2.7.2- DESCRIPTION OF THE GEOCENTRIC DATUM OF FRENCH GUIANA AND ITS INTEGRATION INTO SIRGAS ........................................................................................ 84 3.2.7.3- ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES ACCORDING TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SANTIAGO MEETING ...................................................... 86 3.2.8- GUYANA...................................................................................................... 86 SIRGAS Final Report, Working Groups I and II iii 3.2.9- PARAGUAY................................................................................................. 86 3.2.9.1- INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 86 3.2.9.2- ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES ACCORDING TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SANTIAGO MEETING - CHILE -