The Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council III Working Group 2 Final Report March 2013 March 2013 WORKING GROUP 2 Next Generation Alerting Final Report Page 1 of 81 The Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council III Working Group 2 Final Report March 2013 Table of Contents 1 Results in Brief ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 5 2 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 CSRIC Structure ............................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Working Group 2 Team Members ................................................................................... 7 3 Objective, Scope, and Methodology ........................................................................................ 8 3.1 Objective .......................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Scope ................................................................................................................................ 8 3.3 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 9 3.3.1 Sub-Group Structure ................................................................................................. 9 3.3.2 Collaboration via Portal .......................................................................................... 10 4 Background ............................................................................................................................ 11 4.1 Current Alerting Activities and Components ................................................................. 11 4.1.1 Alert Activity Chain ................................................................................................ 11 4.1.2 Current Example of an Alerting Architecture ......................................................... 12 4.2 Challenges of Existing Systems ..................................................................................... 13 4.2.1 What limitations exist in the IPAWS Network that effect In-Field Operations? ... 13 4.2.2 Enhancements and Emerging Technology .............................................................. 15 4.2.2.1 Emerging Technologies....................................................................................... 15 4.2.2.2 Enhancements and Additional Functionality ...................................................... 16 4.3 Technology Solutions and Applications ........................................................................ 20 4.3.1 Technology Overview ............................................................................................. 20 4.3.2 Service and Applications Overview ........................................................................ 22 4.3.3 Description of Technology and Limitations ........................................................... 23 4.3.4 Future Dissemination Technologies ....................................................................... 24 5 Architectures Development Opportunities ............................................................................. 25 5.1 Standards, Protocols, Policies and Procedures ............................................................... 25 5.1.1 Authorization and Authentication of Alert Originators .......................................... 25 5.1.2 Recent Innovation in Alert Dissemination Technologies ....................................... 26 5.1.3 Assumption of CAP Data Format ........................................................................... 27 5.1.4 Support of New Data Types in CAP ....................................................................... 27 5.1.5 Emergence of Profiles under CAP .......................................................................... 28 5.1.6 Widespread CAP Adoption Including States/Local/Tribal Governments .............. 28 5.1.7 Impact of IPAWS-OPEN on CAP Reputation........................................................ 29 5.1.8 Limited Incentive to Adopt CAP ............................................................................ 30 5.1.9 Multimedia Alerts ................................................................................................... 30 5.1.10 AO/AA Need to Verify Message Dissemination .................................................... 31 5.1.11 No Clarity on Required Records ............................................................................. 32 5.2 Platforms ........................................................................................................................ 32 5.2.1 Alert-Receiving Communication Devices .............................................................. 32 5.2.1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 32 Page 2 of 81 The Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council III Working Group 2 Final Report March 2013 5.2.1.2 Common Characteristics of Next Generation Communication Devices ............. 32 5.2.2 Aggregation Systems .............................................................................................. 33 5.2.2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 33 5.2.2.2 Advantages of Single Aggregator ....................................................................... 33 5.2.2.3 Disadvantages of Single Aggregator ................................................................... 34 5.3 Implementing New Dissemination Technologies on a National Alert Platform ........... 34 5.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 34 5.3.2 Objective ................................................................................................................. 35 5.3.3 Observations about Existing IPAWS-Supported Dissemination Technologies ..... 35 5.3.4 Introducing New Alert Dissemination Technologies to the Public ........................ 36 5.4 Adherence to Four Components of Digital Security ...................................................... 36 5.5 User Opt-In/Opt-Out Control ......................................................................................... 37 6 Social Media Alerting ............................................................................................................ 37 6.1 Variety of Social Media Categories ............................................................................... 37 6.1.1 Terminology ............................................................................................................ 39 6.1.2 Other Efforts Related to Social Media Alerting ..................................................... 39 6.1.3 Intervention of Social Media Providers in Delivering the Social Media Alerts ..... 40 6.1.4 Social Media Alerting Opportunities ...................................................................... 40 6.1.4.1 Training Emergency Managers ........................................................................... 40 6.1.4.2 Training Sources ................................................................................................. 40 6.1.4.3 Social Media’s Continuous Evolution................................................................. 41 6.1.4.4 Emergency Managers’ Challenges ...................................................................... 41 6.1.5 Promoting & Funding of Innovative Tools that Enhance Social Media Alerting .. 41 6.1.5.1 Publicizing Strategic Vision ................................................................................ 41 6.1.5.2 Support of the Open-Source Developer Community .......................................... 42 6.1.5.3 Limited Governmental R&D Funding ................................................................ 42 6.1.6 Scope of Social Media Alerting .............................................................................. 42 6.1.6.1 Coupling Social Media Alerting with Citizen Responses ................................... 42 6.1.6.2 Restricting Two-way Communications ............................................................... 42 6.1.7 Hidden Cost of Social Media Alerting.................................................................... 43 6.1.8 Understanding Public Response ............................................................................. 43 6.1.9 Geo-Targeting Social Media Alerting .................................................................... 43 6.1.10 Social Media Alerting and the Subscriber .............................................................. 44 6.1.10.1 Crowd-to-Crowd Propagation ............................................................................. 44 6.1.10.2 Alerting Accounts ............................................................................................... 44 6.1.10.3 Limited by Available Data .................................................................................. 45 6.1.10.4 SM was not Built for Alerts ................................................................................ 45 6.1.10.5 Elite