Motif Programming Manual 1 Preface...........................................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 The Plot..........................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Assumptions...................................................................................................................................................2 1.3 How This Book Is Organized........................................................................................................................3 1.4 Related Documents........................................................................................................................................5 1.5 Conventions Used in This Book....................................................................................................................6 1.6 Obtaining Motif.............................................................................................................................................6 1.7 Obtaining the Example Programs..................................................................................................................7 1.7.1 FTP.................................................................................................................................................7 1.7.2 FTPMAIL......................................................................................................................................7 1.7.3 BITFTP..........................................................................................................................................8 1.7.4 UUCP.............................................................................................................................................9 1.7.5 Copyright.......................................................................................................................................9 1.7.6 Compiling the Example Programs.................................................................................................9 1.8 Notes on Z−Mail............................................................................................................................................9 1.9 Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................................10 1.10 We'd Like to Hear From You.....................................................................................................................12 2 Introduction to Motif.................................................................................................................................................13 2.1 A True Story................................................................................................................................................13 2.2 Basic User−interface Concepts....................................................................................................................15 2.3 What Is Motif?.............................................................................................................................................16 2.4 Designing User Interfaces............................................................................................................................18 3 The Motif Programming Model................................................................................................................................21 3.1 Basic X Toolkit Terminology and Concepts...............................................................................................21 3.2 The Xm and Xt Libraries.............................................................................................................................23 3.3 Programming With Xt and Motif.................................................................................................................24 3.3.1 Header Files.................................................................................................................................26 3.3.2 Setting the Language Procedure..................................................................................................27 3.3.3 Initializing the Toolkit.................................................................................................................28 3.3.4 Creating Widgets.........................................................................................................................30 3.3.5 Setting and Getting Widget Resources........................................................................................32 3.3.6 Event Handling for Widgets........................................................................................................37 3.3.7 The Event Loop............................................................................................................................42 3.4 Summary......................................................................................................................................................42 4 Overview of the Motif Toolkit...................................................................................................................................43 4.1 The Motif Style............................................................................................................................................43 4.2 Application Controls....................................................................................................................................45 4.2.1 The Primitive Widget Class.........................................................................................................46 4.2.2 Gadgets........................................................................................................................................51 4.3 Application Layout......................................................................................................................................52 4.3.1 The Manager Widget Class..........................................................................................................54 4.3.2 Geometry Management................................................................................................................56 4.3.3 Gadget Management....................................................................................................................57 4.3.4 Keyboard Traversal......................................................................................................................58 4.4 Putting Together a Complete Application...................................................................................................59 4.4.1 The Main Window.......................................................................................................................59 4.4.2 Menus...........................................................................................................................................61 i Motif Programming Manual 4 Overview of the Motif Toolkit 4.4.3 The Window Manager.................................................................................................................62 4.4.4 Dialogs.........................................................................................................................................66 4.4.5 Pixmaps........................................................................................................................................71 4.4.6 Color............................................................................................................................................73 4.5 Changes in Motif 1.2....................................................................................................................................75 4.5.1 General Toolkit Changes.............................................................................................................76 4.5.2 Specific Widget Changes.............................................................................................................78 4.5.3 Changes to the Example Programs..............................................................................................80 4.6 Summary......................................................................................................................................................80 5 The Main Window.....................................................................................................................................................81 5.1 Creating a MainWindow..............................................................................................................................82 5.2 The MenuBar...............................................................................................................................................87 5.2.1 Creating a PulldownMenu...........................................................................................................88 5.2.2 SimpleMenu Callback Routines..................................................................................................90 5.2.3 A Sample Application..................................................................................................................92 5.3 The Command and Message Areas............................................................................................................100