Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (2): 523 - 529 Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net Control of the brown garden snail Eobania vermiculata (Gastropoda : Helicidae ) adults using baits of usable and expired Kz mineral oil and its effect on aminotransferase enzymes activity Farag, M. F. N. G. and Heba, M. Elnagar Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. ARTICLE INFO Abstract: Article History Mineral oils are considering a promising control agent Received: 8 / 4 /2020 against wide varieties of pests all over the world. In this paper, Accepted:10 /6 /2020 focus on the baits of usable and expired Kz mineral oil against _______________ the adults of the brown garden snail Eobania vermiculata Keywords (Müller) (Gastropoda : Helicidae ) under both of laboratory and Kz oil, snail, Eobania field conditions. The baits of expired Kz oil against E. vermiculata, vermiculata adults, considering as novel technique. Under aminotransferase enzymes, laboratory conditions, the highest mortalities (%) of snails were baits and control. (73.33 %) recorded with a concentration 20 % of usable Kz oil followed by (66.67 %) for expired Kz oil at the same concentration after three weeks of treatment. Field results were recorded reduction in population of snails by (31.93 and 27.83 %) from used baits of usable and expired Kz oil, respectively at concentration (10 %) after three weeks from treatment. At concentration (20 %) and the same field conditions, mortalities (%) were (68.19 and 62.08 %) with usable and expired Kz oil, respectively. Biochemical studies were recorded increasing percentage reached its maximum level for tested snails after one week of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes recorded (-11.92 and -3.52) and (-33.33 and -5.39) for snails treatment using baits of usable Kz oil, at concentrations 10 and 20 % respectively, (- 9.26 and - 4.58) and (- 29.93 and - 12.53) for snails treatment using baits of expired Kz oil, at the same concentrations, respectively. Introduction Snails are gastropod animals which which infest human, animals and birds live in marine and fresh water, but others (Godan, 1983; Barker, 2002 and Mahrous et have successfully colonized land and known al., 2002). Therefore, land gastropods cause as pests in many places of the world. Some of costly damage to field crops, vegetables and land snails are very important pests of fruit trees as well as ornamental plants agricultural crops, in addition to the role as (Nakhla et al., 1993 and Godan, 1983). intermediate hosts for many parasitic diseases While, control of these snails is becoming 523 Farag and Elnagar, 2020 very important. The terrestrial snail ( brown 3.1. Laboratory test using poisonous baits garden snail ) Eobania vermiculata (Müller) technique: (Gastropoda : Helicidae ) was recorded to be Three concentrations 5, 10, and 20 % harmful snails in many districts of Egypt for tested oils were prepared by incorporating attacking various plants (Eshra, 2013). the appropriate amount of each compound Unfortunately, about 25 million agricultural with bran bait. Three plastic boxes (3/4 kg workers in developing countries are poisoned capacity) were used for each concentration. every year by pesticides (Jeyaratnam, 1990). Five grams of baits were spread into each Attention is increasingly being paid to the use box. Control treatment was prepared using of synthetic chemical compounds became bran bait. Five adult individuals of E. unsafe method in controlling pests as they are vermiculata snail were put into each plastic one of the major reasons in the environmental box, then covered with muslin cloth and pollution and cause a chronic disease for secured with rubber band. Dead individuals humans and harmful for most of the living were counted using stainless steel needle organisms. That’s why the usage of these according to El-Okda (1980). Mortality chemicals decreased all over the world and percentages were calculated after 1, 3, 7, 14 humans continued to find practical and 21 days and corrected by Abbott’s alternatives. Mineral oils are considering one formula (1925). of the safest methods in controlling pests 3.2. Field application: especially the scale insects infesting different The field trial was conducted in plants. Also, they play a fundamental role in orchard cultivated with sago palm at, Zagazig the IPM programs on many pests (Helmy et district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The al., 2012). A finding by this work aimed to field area was divided into five plots, each study the toxic (as field trials) and including control, each plot was divided into physiological (as laboratory trials) effects of three replicates for each treatment. Area of baits of usable and expired Kz oil against about 50 m2 was left as buffer between each adults of E. vermiculata snail. plot. Baits were offered on blue plastic pieces Materials and methods each provided with 100 gm. Reduction 1.Tested animals: percentages were calculated according to the Land snail, the brown garden snail E. formula of Henderson and Tilton (1955) as vermiculata adults were collected from follows: orchard cultivated with sago palm at Zagazig % Reduction = [1 – (t2 × r1) / (t1 × r2)] × 100 district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The Whereas: collected snails were immediately transferred r1 = Number of alive snails before treatment in in white cloth bags to the laboratory. Healthy untreated plots. r2 = Number of alive snails after treatment in untreated and similar individuals were chosen and kept plots. in glass terrarium filled with moist clay soil t1 = Number of alive snails before treatment in treated adjusted at 75 % of water field capacity. plots. Snails were fed daily with bran for two weeks t2 = Number of alive snails after treatment in treated before treatment for acclimatization. plots. 2.Tested oils: 4.Biochemical studies: Usable and expired oil (95%) 4.1. Preparation of snails for biochemical purchased from company of Kafr El-Zayat assay: for pesticides and chemicals, Kafr El-Zayat The adult mollusca shells of E. district at Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. vermiculata snails were removed and the soft 3.Toxicity studies: tissues were weighed, pooled, and homogenized as 1:10 (w/v) in distilled water. 524 Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (2): 523 - 529 The homogenates were centrifuged at 5000 66.67 % for usable and expire Kz oil, r.p.m for 20 minutes at 5 °C according to respectively after three weeks of treatment. Abd El-Haleim et al. (2006). The Finally, results obtained revealed that supernatants were used as enzyme source for mortalities increased with increasing the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine concentrations. For instances, Helmy et al. aminotransferase (ALT). Activities of (1982) stated that mineral oils of various enzymes were measured according to the qualities have traditionally been used as method described by Reitman and Frankel curatives to down insects and mites. Shahawy (1957). (2005) showed that the pesticide comate 500 5. Statistical analysis: (85% cotton seed oil) was the lowest The statistical analysis was effective compound with 2.5 % mortality determined by using one-way test, percentage against Monacha cantiana (ANOVA), Cohort software (2005). (Montagu) (Gastropoda : Hygromiidae) snail Results and discussion after 12 days. Farag et al. (2010) indicated 1. Effect of usable and expired Kz oil that long term used frying oils displayed against adults of Eobania vermiculata snail more deformations in rat organs than that under laboratory conditions: used for shorter period. Kaleem et al. (2015) Using baits technique, data in Table found that rancidity of oils can produce (1) revealed a highly significance between potentially toxic compounds associated with the three concentrations (5, 10 and 20%) of long-term health effects such as neurological Kz oil (usable and expired) than control. disorders, heart and cancer, may support the Where mortality percentages were 26.67, reuse of usable and expired Kz oil in baits 40.00 and 73.33 %, and 20.00, 33.33 |and controlling snails. Table (1): Effect of usable and expired Kz mineral oil on adults of Eobania vermiculata snail using baits technique under laboratory conditions. Kz oil Concentrations Mortality percentages One day Three One week Two Three weeks days weeks Usable 5 % 0.00c 0.00d 13.33cd 20.00c 26.67cd 10 % 6.67bc 13.33bc 20.00bc 33.33b 40.00b 20 % 20.00a 26.67a 33.33a 53.33a 73.33a 5 % 0.00c 0.00d 6.67de 13.33c 20.00d Expired 10 % 6.67bc 6.67cd 13.33cd 20.00c 33.33bc 20 % 13.33ab 20.00ab 26.67ab 53.33a 66.67a Control 0.00c 0.00d 0.00e 0.00d 0.00e LSD0.05 7.64*** 8.82*** 10.81*** 10.80*** *** 10.79 2. Effect of against adults of Eobania %) and (27.83 and 62.08 %) after three weeks vermiculata snail under field conditions by for Kz oil (usable and expired) at the same baits technique: concentrations, respectively. Data revealed a The results in Table (2) showed that significance between the two concentrations the initial effect after one day were (2.87 and (10 and 20%) of Kz oil (usable and expired) 7.49 %) and (2.29 and 6.32 %) for usable and by time elapsing except after three days of expired Kz oil at concentrations (10 and treatment than control. The reduction 20%), respectively. The residual effect on percentages were increased. reduction percentages were (31.93and 68.19 525 Farag and Elnagar, 2020 Table (2): Effect of usable and expired Kz mineral oil on adults of Eobania vermiculata