Commercial Space Transportation: 2011 Year in Review COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION: 2011 YEAR IN REVIEW January 2012 HQ-121525.INDD 2011 Year in Review About the Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA/AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA/AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA/ AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA/AST’s web site at http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/. Cover: Art by John Sloan (2012) NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. • i • Federal Aviation Administration / Commercial Space Transportation CONTENTS Introduction . .1 Executive Summary . .2 2011 Launch Activity . .3 WORLDWIDE ORBITAL LAUNCH ACTIVITY . 3 Worldwide Launch Revenues . 5 Worldwide Orbital Payload Summary . 5 Commercial Launch Payload Summaries . 6 Non-Commercial Launch Payload Summaries . 7 U .S . AND FAA-LICENSED ORBITAL LAUNCH ACTIVITY . 9 FAA-Licensed Orbital Launch Summary . 9 U .S . and FAA-Licensed Orbital Launch Activity in Detail . 9 FAA Reentry License Summary . 12 INTERNATIONAL ORBITAL LAUNCH ACTIVITIES . 12 FAA SUBORBITAL FLIGHT SUMMARY . 15 2011 Space Transportation Trends . .16 FIVE-YEAR WORLDWIDE SPACE TRANSPORTATION TRENDS . 16 COMMERCIAL SATELLITE AND LAUNCH TRENDS . 18 INTERNATIONALLY COMPETED LAUNCHES . 19 2012 Launch Activity Projection . .20 Appendix I: 2011 Worldwide Orbital Launch Events . 22 Appendix II: 2012 Projected Worldwide Orbital Launch Events 26 Appendix III: Definitions . .30 • ii • 2011 Year in Review INTRODUCTION TheCommercial Space Transportation: 2011 Year in Review summarizes U.S. and international launch activities for calendar year 2011. This report also provides a review and analysis of the past five years of commercial launch activity. There were 84 orbital launch events worldwide in 2011, including commercial, civil, and military missions. Appendix I contains the details of these events. Appendix II details the first six-month projection of worldwide orbital launches for 2012. The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA/AST) licensed one commercial orbital launch in 2011, compared to four licensed launches in 2010. The license was for the launch of Sea Launch AG’s Zenit 3SL rocket in September. Appendix III provides definitions for the terminology of this report. • 1 • Federal Aviation Administration / Commercial Space Transportation EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Of the 84 worldwide orbital launch attempts in 2011, 18 (21 percent) were commercial. This is a decrease in commercial launches from 2010, when there were 23 commercial orbital launches worldwide out of a total of 74 launches (see Figure 1). Much of this decrease stems from the fact that none of the vehicles manufactured by the United States had Non-Commercial Launches any commercial launches in 2011. Four Commercial Launches commercial launches planned for 2011 under NASA’s Commercial Resupply 18 Services (CRS) and Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) 66 programs were delayed until 2012. Russia had 56 percent of the international commercial launch market with 10 commercial launches in 2011. Figure 1. 2011 Total Worldwide Launch Activity Sea Launch AG had two commercial launches accounting for 11 percent of the commercial launch market. The return-to-flight launch from the Pacific Ocean was the only FAA/AST-licensed orbital launch this year. Sea Launch carried out its second launch out of Baikonur, Kazakhstan as part of the Land Launch program. Europe attained a 22 percent market share, conducting four commercial Ariane 5 launches. China had two commercial launches of its Long March 3B vehicle, attaining 11 percent of the international commercial market. Of the 84 orbital launches attempted worldwide, 6 were failures, including 1 failed commercial launch. Four of the failures were Russian launches on three different launch vehicles: • A Rockot launch vehicle failed to place the GEO IK-2 No. II remote sensing satellite in low Earth orbit (LEO) on February 1. • A Proton M launch vehicle failed to put the Express AM4 into geosynchronous orbit (GEO) on August 17 (this was the commercial launch failure in 2011). • A Soyuz launch vehicle failed to carry the Progress M-12M supply capsule to the International Space Station (ISS) on August 24. • A Soyuz 2 1B launch vehicle failed to launch the Meridian 5 communications satellite to a Molniya orbit on December 23. The United States and China each experienced one launch failure in 2011. A Taurus XL vehicle failed to launch NASA’s Earth science satellite, Glory, and three university satellites on March 4. On August 18, a Long March 2C failed to place China’s Shijian 11-04 experimental satellite into sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). Two suborbital flights were conducted under FAA permits in 2011. Both were conducted by Blue Origin, using the PM-2 vehicle. • 2 • 2011 Year in Review 2011 LAUNCH ACTIVITY WORLDWIDE ORBITAL LAUNCH ACTIVITY This section highlights worldwide launch Non- Commercial Commercial Total activity in 2011. Launches, payloads, and Launches Launches Launches revenue streams are on a country-by-country basis. Launch providers from the United United States 0 18 18 States, Russia, Europe, China, Japan, India, Russia 10 21 31 Iran, and one multinational provider Europe 4 3 7 conducted a total of 84 launch events in China 2 17 19 2011, 18 of which were commercial (see Japan 0 3 3 Tables 1 and 2 and Figure