PAPER GLOSSARY A Abrasion Resistance Alcohol/Alcohol Substitutes The level at which paper can withstand continuous scuffing or Liquids added to the fountain solution of a printing press to rubbing. reduce the surface tension of water. Absorption Aluminum Plate The properties within paper that cause it to absorb liquids A metal press plate used for moderate to long runs in offset (inks, water, etc.) which come in contact with it. lithography to carry the image. Announcement Cards Accordion Fold Cards of paper with matching envelopes generally used for A binding term describing a method of folding paper. When social stationery, announcements, weddings, greetings, etc. unfolded it looks like the folds of an accordion. Antique Finish Acetate Proof A paper finish, usually used in book and cover papers, that has A transparent, acetate printing proof used to reproduce a tactile surface. Usually used in natural white or creamwhite anticipated print colors on a transparent acetate sheet. Also colors. called color overleaf proof. Apron Acid Free Extra space at the binding edge of a foldout, usually on Paper made in a neutral pH system, usually buffered with a French fold, which allows folding and tipping without calcium carbonate. This increases the longevity of the paper. interfering with the copy Acidity Archival Degree of acid found in a given paper substance measured by Acid free or neutral paper that includes a minimum of 2% pH level. From 0 to 7 is classified acid as opposed to 7 to 14, calcium carbonate to increase the longevity of the paper. which is classified alkaline. Artificial Parchment Against the Grain Paper produced with poorly formed formation. A right angle to which the fiber direction of a piece of paper lies. Folding with, not against, the grain is recommended. Artwork A general term used to describe materials prepared and Airdried Paper readied for print. Paper that is dried by circulating hot air around it with little or no tension or restraint on the paper. This gives the paper a Ascenders hard cockle finish typical of bond papers. The tops of lower case letters such as: b, d, h and t. B Back Cylinder Pressure Band Additional pressure applied through the impression cylinder (1) A strip of paper, printed or unprinted, that wraps around assisting the image transfer to the press sheet. loose sheets (in lieu of binding with a cover) or assembled pieces. (2) The operation of putting a paper band around loose Backbone sheets or assembled pieces. (3) Metal straps wrapped around skids of cartons or materials wrapped in waterproof paper, to The back of a bound book; also called the spine. secure the contents to the skid for shipment. Backing Up Barium Sulfate Printing the reverse side of a sheet already printed on one Substance used as a standard for white, in lieu of the side. availability of a practical 100 percent reflecting diffuser. Bagasse Baronial Envelope Crushed sugar cane or fiber used in two ENVIRONMENT® An envelope generally used with announcements. Papers: Tortilla and Mesa White. Base Color Baggy Roll A first color used as a background on which other colors are Mill roll defect usually associated with a variation in caliper printed. and/or basis weight across the web; stretched paper results, which tends to cause problems in the forms manufacturing Base Stock process. Rolls are normally checked for baggy areas by Manufactured paper that will be further processed as striking with a baton and listening for variations in audible laminated, Duplex Cover, Bristol Cover, or off machine pitch. embossed papers. 1 Baseline Blocking In typesetting, the invisible line on which letters and numbers The shearshim of piled printed sheets caused by wet ink. set. Blocking Out Basic Size Eliminating portions of negatives by opaquing the image. The standard sheet size of a given grade. Blowup Basis Weight Enlargement from the original size. The weight in pounds per ream of paper cut to its basic size in inches. A metric system is used outside of North America. Blueprint In printing, a type of photoprint used as a proof. It can be Beater folded to show how the finished printed product will look. Blendertype machine used to pulverize pulp and for mixing additives and color to the stock. Boldface Thicker, visually heavier type vs. thin visually light type. Darker Beater Sized type. Process of adding sizing material to the pulp in the beater. Bond Paper Bindery Strong, durable writing paper, consisting of wood, cotton, A process of perforating, folding, trimming and eventually or both, most commonly used for letterheads, stationery, binding a printed piece. business forms, etc… NEENAH® Bond; ATLAS™ Bond. Binding Bonding Strength (1) Attaching sheets into a single unit by adhesives, sewing, The strength of the paper fibers to resistance of picking or stitching, metal prongs, snaps, etc. The operations that tearing during offset printing. comprise collating, perforating, and folding the elements of a form into the finished product. (2) That portion or edge of a Book Paper book of forms which is bound. A general term used to define papers that are most suitable for book manufacture. Binding Edge The edge where the binding will be done. Booklet A printed piece bound together, containing a few pages. Black Printer In fourcolor process printing, the black plate made to give Brightness definition to neutral tones and detail. A technical measurement of the light reflected back from a paper. Blanket In offset lithography, the rubbercoated fabric clamped around Bristol Board the blanket cylinder, which transfers the image from plate to A high quality heavy weight paper, sometimes made with paper. cotton fiber prepared or glued together, usually with a caliper thickness of 0.006” and up. Blanket Contamination Unwanted matter that becomes attached to the offset blanket Broke and interferes with print quality. Machine trim or undesirable paper that is returned to the beaters. Blanket CReep Movement of the blanket surface that comes in contact with Broken Carton the printing plate or paper. An open carton of paper with some of its contents removed. Blanket Cylinder Bulk The printing press cylinder on which the blanket is mounted. Sheet thickness. Highbulk sheets have fewer sheets per inch than lowbulk. Blanket Pull The tack between blanket and paper. Bulking Dummy Unprinted sheets of actual paper folded in the signature size Bleach and signature number of a given job, to determine bulk. Chemical, usually chlorine, used to whiten pulp. Bursting Strength Bleaching The point to which paper can withstand pressure without Chemical treatment to brighten, whiten, purify, refine, and rupturing. balance pulp fiber. Butted Joint Bleed Joining two webs of paper, placing them endtoend and pasting (1) In printing, printed image that runs off the edges of a page. a strip over and under to make a continuous sheet without (2) The migration of ink into unwanted areas. overlapping. Blind Embossing A printing technique in which a basrelief design is pushed forward without foil or ink. 2 C Caking Chlorine When printing, the spots of ink pigments on printing plates or Chlorine and its compounds were commonly used to bleach press rollers, due to the vehicle carrying the ink not being able fibers. This has been mostly eliminated. Virgin fibers are to hold the pigment in suspension. generally ECF, meaning no elemental chlorine or TCF meaning the bleaching is done with hydrogen peroxide, oxygen or Calcium Carbonate, CaCo3 ozone. Recycled fibers are generally PCF, meaning they were Chemical used as a filler. put back into the paper without the use of any chlorine or its compounds. Environmental Defense approves calling 100% Calender Stacks post consumer fiber produced without chlorine, TCF. A vertical series of steel rolls at the end of the paper machine to increase the smoothness of the paper. Choke Calendering In preparing film negatives, the process used to reduce the thickness of the printed image. To impart a smooth finish on paper by passing the web of paper between polished metal rolls to increase gloss and Chromalin Proofs smoothness. A proofing process used in printing. This process utilizes Caliper photosensitized clear plastic which is exposed to the image The thickness of a sheet paper, in thousandths of an inch and processed in layers of color to simulate the final printed (points or mils). image. Camera-Ready Art Cibachrome Art work ready to be imaged onto film by the film house or A full-color positive photographic print made from a printer’s camera department. transparency. Casebound Clear Formation A book bound with a hard, cover. Describes paper fibers that are uniformly dispersed within a sheet of paper -a characteristic of quality paper. Cellulose For paper manufacturing, the primary component of the cell Close Formation walls of wood fibers. Uniform density in a sheet of paper. Cellulose fiber Cloudy Formation The fiber remaining after bleaching and pulping of wood used Same as cloud effect; cloudy. Opposite of close formation. in making paper. Indicates unevenness and lack of uniformity of fiber structure. Center spread Cloudy Formation The facing pages in the center of a bound signature. A spotty, non-uniform collection of paper fibers, the opposite of clear formation. Chain lines The lines on laid paper parallel with the grain; also referred to Cockle Finish as “chain marks”. A rough, uneven, hard paper finish. Most frequently manufactured in bond papers. Chalking Improper drying of ink. Ink vehicle has been absorbed too Cold Color rapidly into the paper leaving a dry, weak pigment layer which A color on the bluish side. dusts easily. Collate Character In binding, gathering sections (signatures) in sequence for A type fonts letter, number, symbol or a blank space in binding. typesetting. Color Bars Character count The number of characters in a line of text, page or group of Printed bars of ink colors used to monitor a print image.