Sunday School Lesson Mark 1:16-20 by Lorin L. Cranford All rights reserved © Called A copy of this lesson is posted in Adobe pdf format at http://cranfordville.com under Bible Studies in the Bible Study Aids section. A note about the blue, underlined material: These are hyperlinks that allow you to click them on and bring up the specified scripture passage automatically while working inside the pdf file connected to the internet. Just use your web browser’s back arrow or the taskbar to return to the lesson material. ************************************************************************** Quick Links to the Study I. Context II. Message a. Historical a. Andrew and Peter, vv. 6-8 b. Literary b. James and John, vv. 9-20 *************************************************************************** During our history as Baptists, we have given a lot of emphasis to a “called ministry.” The stress has typically been for pastors and other church staff members to have a definite sense of divine calling into vocational Christian ministry. Often one of the scriptural sources for this understanding has been the calling of the disciples by Jesus as described in the four gospels. While making this demand upon the ministers in our ranks, we have not always seen the equal relevancy of the calling of these twelve disciples to our own lives. Somehow, the fact that they left their “jobs” as fishermen in order to follow Jesus puts them in a “clergy” category and out of a “laymen” category. Thus Jesus was calling clergy rather than laymen who are just supposed to sup- port the clergy. This rather interesting reasoning we have inherited from Roman Catholic tradition that has been in place for many centuries. Hopefully this study can dispel such thinking and bring us closer to the biblical model. I. Context Much of the background material for this study will be drawn from previous studies in the Gospel of Mark. New material will supplement this previous study. a. Historical External History. The compositional history century. Subsequently in the following decade, once of the origin of the second gospel. Contemporary copies of this gospel were made and distributed New Testament scholarship in general will conclude across the Christian world of the eastern Mediter- that the second gospel was the first of the four ranean Sea regions, the writers of the gospels of canonical gospels to be written. Most likely, this Matthew and Luke gained access to this document took place sometime in the 60s of the first Christian and used it in the composition of their stories of the Page of Mark :6-20 Bible Study life and ministry of Jesus. Although coming a decade in Rome (1 Pet. 5:13), who is then identified with the or so later in the late 80s to early 90s, the fourth “John Mark” of Acts 2:2, 25; 5:37-39, and the “Mark” gospel betrays no signs of having had direct access of Philem. 24; Col. 4:0; 2 Tim. 4:. This attribution is to any of the three previously written gospels. called into question by the apologetic desire to associate a nonapostolic Gospel with the apostle Peter, by the fre- The study of the literary relationship of Matthew, quency of “Mark” as a name in the Roman Empire, and Mark, and Luke is termed the Synoptic Problem. by the ancient tendency to attribute works to important What I have just described above has been the domi- figures from the past. nant viewpoint in synoptic gospel studies for the past For the bulk of church history, principally on the three hundred years, and is labeled the Two Source authority of patristic writers (esp. Irenaeus Against Hypothesis. It can be diagramed as follows: Heresies 3..2) and certain internal evidence (see be- low), the final composition of the Gospel was situated at Rome, sometime after the martyrdom of Peter during the persecution of Nero (a.d. 64). Recently, because of the stress in Mark on Galilee as the place of the first and expected revelation of Jesus, along with its strong Palestinian coloring, its audience has been located in Galilee or southern Syria (see Marxsen). Although in contemporary American New Testament Internal evidence from the Gospel (esp. chap. 3) scholarship an alternative view -- Matthew being offers clues to its situation and community. Like similar written first, Luke second, and Mark third -- is popu- apocalyptic literature, Mark 3 (called often the “apoca- lar in some circles, the so-called “Marcan priority” lyptic discourse”), while in the form of predictions given view above still remains dominant among American in the past, cryptically depicts upheavals in the lives of scholars, and much more so among New Testament the readers. The civil disturbances (3:7-8) and intensity scholars world-wide. It is the assumption that I have of the persecution described in 13:9-13 may reflect both worked from for the past forty plus years of study. Nero’s persecution (a.d. 64) and the Jewish war of a.d. 66-70 (see commentary below on chap. 3). To be sure, this doesn’t answer directly questions The large number of Latinisms (Gk. terms or phrases of authorship, time and place of writing etc. Here that reflect Lat., e.g., 5:9; 6:37; 7:4; 12:14, 42; 15:15-16, much greater diversity of viewpoint will be found. 9, 39) suggest a setting where both Latin and Greek The comparison of external evidence with inter- were used. The teaching on divorce reflects Roman law nal evidence leads me to the general conclusion of (0:0-2) and the widow’s offering is explained in terms the following. The external evidence, i.e., the tradi- of Roman coinage (2:42, lit. two coins [Gk. lepta] are tions among the Church Fathers during the first six made equivalent to the Roman quadrans, which equals hundred years of Christianity, suggests that the writer /4 of a cent). of the second gospel was John Mark. This was the The community included large numbers of Jews. young man who began the first missionary journey Familiarity with the Jewish Scriptures is presumed and with Paul and Barnabas, but did not complete the explicit citations of and allusions to them are frequent. They are the authoritative revelation of God, and the work and returned back home to Cyprus. Being the core of Jesus’ teaching is a summary from the ot nephew of Barnabas, the issue of whether or not to (2:28-34). Yet, the ot is quoted from Greek versions, take him on the second missionary journey caused rather than translated from Hebrew; Jewish customs are Paul and Barnabas to go their separate ways in explained (7:3-4); Aramaic ministry. But as the later writings of Paul indicate phrases are translated (e.g., the tension between Paul and Mark was eventually 5:4; 7:34; 4:36; 5:34), resolved so that ministry together became possible and details of Palestinian again. geography are vague (6:45- Although I don’t agree with some of his conclu- 7:37). The Gospel contains sions about the external evidence, John R. Donahue strong attacks on Jewish laws and institutions (7:- (Harper’s Bible Commentary, Logos Systems) does 23; 11:5-9), and implies summarize the issues well regarding Marcan author- a mission to the Gentiles ship: (11:7; 3:0). Most likely Like the other Gospels, the text does not identify its the community comprises author, but early church tradition (beginning with Pa- Jews and gentile converts pias, ca. a.d. 20; see Eusebius Ecclesiastical History living outside of Palestine, 3.39.5) attributed it to “Mark,” a companion of Peter who are breaking away from Page 2 of Mark :6-20 Bible Study ers inside Mk. :6-20, and supplemented by the parallel accounts in Matt. 4:8-22 and Luke 5:-11, place the event as taking place on the sea shore of the Sea of Galilee toward the be- ginning of Jesus’ public ministry in Galilee. Mk. :6 indicates that Jesus spotted An- drew and Peter fishing while he was walking “along the Sea of Galilee” (para; th;n qavlassan th÷¿ Galilaiva¿). Matthew (4:8) used the identi- cal terminology from Mark, but Luke (5:) calls it “the lake of Gen- nesaret“ (para; th;n livmnhn Gennhsarevt). Robert Guelich (Word Biblical Commentary, Logos Systems) calls attention to the various names of this body of water over the centuries of written literature: traditional Jewish observances. “Sea of Galilee” (th;n qavlassan th÷¿ Galilaiva¿), one The community is also most likely of lower socioeco- of two of occurrences in Mark (acf; 7:3). This body of nomic status. The language of the Gospel is not elegant, water has several names around the time of Jesus: literary Greek, but the spoken Greek of ordinary people Sea of Tiberias (John 2:; cf. 6:; t. Sukk. 3.3); Sea of with occasional Semitic influence. The rich are suspect, Gennesar (Josephus, War 3.0.7); Lake of Gennesaret as are those holding positions of power (0:23-25, (Luke 5:; cf. 8:22, 33; Pliny, Nat. Hist. 5.5.7) and 42). Ordinary items such as the “pallet” (2:4, 11) and Sea of Galilee in the Gospels. Both the underlying the “basket” (6:43; 8:9) are those used by the poor. Though the available evidence precludes certainty, a Hebrew/Aramaic sy, yām, and qavlassa in Koine can Jewish-Christian community at Rome shortly after a.d. be rendered either “sea” or “lake.” Since, however, 70 would be an excellent candidate for the audience of θάλασσα more commonly means “sea” (cf. Num 34:11 the Gospel.