Credits: Guillaume Rivière 2013 – 2018 Objectives of this course • Learn what ERP software is – Be aware of the major actors Enterprise Resource Planning – Be able to analyze and select ERP solutions – Be able to speak with editors and consultants – Be able to parameter ERP software Introduction, project, solutions – Be able to develop modules for ERP software – EFREI – – ESTIA – Guillaume Rivière Last update: March 2018 1 2 Schedule Reminder 1. ERP: Introduction to basis principles (2h cours) • System Analysis of Enterprises 2. ERP: How to select software (2h cours) Joël de Rosnay, Le macroscope, Strategy Éditions du Seuil, 1975, 314 pages. 3. OpenERP: Administration, Development (4h cours) Constraints Prices policy 4. OpenERP: Installation and configuration (2h TP) Decision Executive 5. OpenERP: Follow a complete flow (4h TP) System (10h TP) Business intelligence 6. OpenERP: Module programming + Webservice Information Reporting Information Environment Information Environment Transmit Transform into Jour 1 Jour 2 Jour 3 global System sophisticated information Cours TP TP information ERP OpenERP OpenERP Produce INPUT Execute OUTPUT Elementary manufacturing Operational information Cours TP TP Customer order orders Working System Invoice OpenERP OpenERP OpenERP 5 Reminder Reminder • Management Information Systems (MIS) • Are the following part of the information « An information system is a set of resources systems? (hardware, software, data, procedures, humans, …) structured to acquire, treat, store, transmit and – An order book (backlog) make available information (shaped as data, text, sounds, pictures, images, …) inside and between – A list of supplier organizations. » Robert Reix (1934-2006), Systèmes d'information et management des organisations, Éditions Vuibert, First edition in 1995, 367 pages. – A file cabinet – Personal traduction – • informatique = . 6 7 Python Summary of MIS chronology 1990 Nowadays context 1978 1989 1995 1972 1977 1981 1987 2002 VisiCalc Excel 1979 1985 2000 2003 2005 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 UNIX DOS Mac Windows Linux iOS Android FORTRAN 1969 1981 1983 1985 1991 2007 1954 COBOL C SQL C++ HTML PHP Java 1959 1972 1974 1983 1989 1994 1995 Specific Arrival of first Arrival Increased developments Enterprise Application of ERP integration of Software (EAS) ERP into 8 9 enterprises The evolution of MIS Building a MIS using IT • Main factors of evolution • Own software written by the enterprise – Technologies for information systems – Needs high-level and up-to-date internal skills • Evolution of programming languages – External support/help is impossible • Evolution of network capacities, of web technologies • No externalization – The environment of enterprises – Corrections must be done • Globalization of the market by the enterprise – Internationalization: companies across several countries, customers over the world – Unfocusing from core business – Several currencies, laws – Low compatibility with partners, • Needs of the market change very rapidly customers, … • Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) 10 11 Building a MIS using IT Building a MIS using IT • Several EAS (Enterprise Application Software) • ERP software (Enterprise Resource Planning) – Many EAS exist for each function of a company – An ERP is a central EAS aiming to covers (nearly) – Some are known as best of their category all the functions of company • Usually called « Best-of-breed » software – Written by an editor outside of the enterprise – Need to build bridges between programs – Used by several companies • Activate / Synchronize data – Easy to find external skills • Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) • Externalization ERP • IT consulting • Focus on core business EAI 12 13 The rise of ERP systems The rise of ERP systems • Started 25 years ago (early 1990’s) 2. The Euro changeover st • The rise happened with the necessary • January 1 , 1999: introduction to world financial markets as an accounting currency evolution of MIS because of: • January 1st, 2002: Euro coins and banknotes entered 1. The year 2000 problem circulation • 1960’s: expensive memory and mass storage (1bit = $1) • Rather than starting corrections on existing • Year coded as 2 digits (programs, databases, programming programs (more or less old) languages, windows 3.x file manager, etc.) • Announced since early 1980’s – Migration of 60% of French large companies • Really taken into account between 1995 and 1998 • Other 40%: migration already done or correction of • Next known "bug": January 19th, 2038 at 3:14:07 am existing programs POSIX 32 bits systems using a signed integer (2106 if not signed) 14 15 Mutation Modern ERP software • The management of information is changing – Adaptation to the constant evolution of markets – Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) – Collaborative software solutions – Single currency in the European Union – Enlargement of the European Union – Growing global concurrency • Call into question existing systems – Abandon of « tailor-made » existing solutions and adoption of « ready-to-install » ERP 16 3’ – Sage ERP Solutions – 2011 17 OUTLINE Definition 1. What is ERP? Why ERP? • ERP is an EAS allowing to manage all the – Definition processes of an enterprise, by the integration – Characteristics of all the functions like: 2. Conduct an ERP project – Phases of the project Human resources Supply chain Financial and analytic Purchasing E-business – Criteria for selection management management accounting – Steps of installation 3. Major actors of ERP market – Proprietary and open source solutions Customer relationship Production, manufacturing Warehouse Distribution – IT consultants 18 management resource planning 19 Properties Characteristics • Foundation basis of ERP • From a unique creator 1. Each software application to manage a • A modification on a module causes a direct function of the enterprise is built as an update on linked modules (1 DB, workflow engine) independent module • Ensure uniqueness of information (no redundancy) 2. These modules share a single shared database, allowing the application to exchange data • Easier detection and solving of potential 3. A workflow engine spread any new information dysfunction (the origin of each information is easy to identify) in all the modules needing it (according to a • Can be sufficient to fully cover all needs (of predetermined programing) MIS) of an enterprise, and the modular architecture permits a progressive installation 20 according to the evolution of needs 21 Reminder? ERP infrastructure Presentation tier 1960’s-70’s Client-Server model Logic tier • General setup Data tier 1-tier architecture 2-tier architecture 1980’s Centralized n-tier architecture 2000’s Human Customer Network resources relationship Network Central Mainframe Fat clients component Thin clients Production Financials Decentralized 3-tier architecture 1990’s Logistics Stocks Thin clients Rich clients ERP server(s) Database server(s) Thin clients Rich/Thin clients 22 23 Module-based architecture Modules • Each function of enterprises is implemented by • Financial Accounting an independent module – General Ledger, Fixed Asset, Payables, Receivables, – These modules share the same database Cash Management, Financial Consolidation – Modules are compatible with others (verification not needed) • Management Accounting (Analytic) – Pluggable as – Budgeting, Costing, Cost Management, Activity Retail Customer Based Costing and Lego blocks Help Desk Commerce Inventory Marketing and work Production E-Commerce together Payables General Receivables Ledger Fixed Management Asset Accounting 24 25 Modules Modules • Manufacturing • Material Requirement Planning – Engineering, Bill of Materials, Work Orders, – MRP 1 Scheduling, Capacity, Workflow Management, – MRP 2 Quality Control, Manufacturing Process, • Simulations Manufacturing Projects, Manufacturing Flow, – It is possible to response to this order (supply chain, Product Life Cycle Management, Product Data workbenches, …) Management – Should i prefer to answer to this order or to another order – Computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) 26 27 Modules Modules • Supply Chain Management (Logistics) • Customer Relationship Management – Supply Chain Planning, Supplier Scheduling, Order – Sales and Marketing to Cash, Purchasing, Inventory, Warehouse, – Commissions Product Configurator, Claim Processing – Service – Essential for Just-in-time (JIT) production strategy – Customer Contact – Call Center Support • CRM systems are not always considered part of ERP systems but rather Business Support System (BSS) systems 28 29 Modules Modules • Human Resources • Data Services – Recruiting, Training, Payroll, Benefits, 401K, – Various "self–service" interfaces for customers, Diversity Management, Retirement, Separation suppliers and/or employees – Carriers, Skills, Vacations, Presence • Access Control • Project Management – Management of user privileges for various – Project Planning, Resource Planning, Project processes Costing, Work Break Down Structure, Billing, Time and Expense, Performance Units, Activity Management 30 31 Domains / Sectors Workflow engine • Certain ERP or module (or overlay) are • Integrated workflow engine dedicated to particular domains of activity: – After an input / After an update – Hospitals – Automobile • Store information into database – Telephony – Electrical goods – New information is spread in all the modules – Cosmetics – Aeronautic needing it (synchronization) • Automated (and customizable) – Agribusiness – Construction – Unnoticeable for end-users