Archaeological Services & Consultancy Ltd SETTLEMENT ASSESSMENT REPORT: WING BUCKINGHAMSHIRE on behalf of the Wing Parish Council Neighbourhood Plan Team Martin Cuthbert BA (Hons) AIfA March 2014 ASC: 1612/WHP/3 Letchworth House Chesney Wold, Bleak Hall Milton Keynes MK6 1NE Tel: 01908 608989 Fax: 01908 605700 Email: [email protected] Website: www.archaeological-services.co.uk Wing, Buckinghamshire Settlement Assessment Report 1612/WHP Site Data ASC project code: WHP ASC Project No: 1612 County: Buckinghamshire Village/Town: Wing Civil Parish: Wing NGR (to 8 figs): SP 8812 2257 (centre) Extent of site: Wing CP Commissioned by: Wing Parish Council Neighbourhood Plan Team Wing Buckinghamshire Contact name: Cllr Sarah Roe Internal Quality Check Primary Author: Martin Cuthbert Date: 3rd March 2014 Revisions: Date: Edited/Checked By: Alastair Hancock Date: 3rd March 2014 © Archaeological Services & Consultancy Ltd No part of this document is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information. However, Archaeological Services & Consultancy Ltd cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. ASC Licence No. AL 100015154 ASC Ltd 2014 Page 1 Wing, Buckinghamshire Settlement Assessment Report 1612/WHP Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4 2. Setting .................................................................................................................................. 5 3. Historical and Archaeological Development ....................................................................... 8 4. Designations ...................................................................................................................... 17 5. Historic Urban Zones ........................................................................................................ 18 6. Management Recommendations ....................................................................................... 26 7. Research Agenda ............................................................................................................... 27 8. References ......................................................................................................................... 28 Appendices 1. Historic Environment Record Data ................................................................................... 39 2. Historic Environment Data – Listed Buildings ................................................................. 40 3. Cartographic Sources ........................................................................................................ 42 Plates Cover: All Saints Church, Wing 1. Stream located to the south of the village ......................................................................... 29 2. The junction of Park Gate (left) and Aylesbury Road, looking west. ............................... 29 3. 16th century Almshouses: Numbers 12-18 Aylesbury Road (Grade II listed). ................. 29 4. Ascott House (Grade II* listed). ........................................................................................ 29 5. The Old Vicarage (Grade II listed) & All Saints Church (Grade I listed). ....................... 29 6. Number 45 Church Street, (Grade II listed) ...................................................................... 29 7. View of the High Street, looking north junction with Church Street (left). Cock Inn (Grade II) ........................................................................................................................... 30 8. Junction of High Street (left-right) and Vicarage Lane, possible location of the market place ................................................................................................................................... 30 9. Numbers 54-60 High Street (Grade II listed) .................................................................... 30 10. Stream located to the west of the village, Castle Hill in background (SAM 19057), looking east. ....................................................................................................................... 30 11. The hamlet of Littleworth, looking north. ......................................................................... 30 12. The hamlet of Burcott, looking north. ............................................................................... 30 ASC Ltd 2014 Page 2 Wing, Buckinghamshire Settlement Assessment Report 1612/WHP Figures 1. Historic Urban Zones. ....................................................................................................... 21 2. The parish boundaries of Wing Current (red & orange), Historic (red & green). ............. 32 3. Information from the Bucks Historical Environment Record. .......................................... 33 4. Listed Buildings................................................................................................................. 34 5. Conservation Area, Archaeological notification areas and Scheduled Ancient Monuments. ....................................................................................................................... 35 6. The Enclosure map 1798. .................................................................................................. 36 7. The Tithe map 1851........................................................................................................... 37 8. 1st Edition OS map 1880. .................................................................................................. 38 ASC Ltd 2014 Page 3 Wing, Buckinghamshire Settlement Assessment Report 1612/WHP 1. Introduction 1.1 Background and Purpose This Historic Settlement Assessment Report for Wing has been prepared by Archaeological Services and Consultancy on behalf of the Wing Parish Council Neighbourhood Plan Team to provide a framework from which decisions can be made about the management of the historic environment of Wing and to inform and advise the planning process. 1.2 Aims The overall aim of the project is to inform management of the historic environment of Wing. Specifically, it will: Improve the quality and environmental sensitivity of development by enhancing the consistency, efficiency and effectiveness of the application of national planning policy covering the historic environment and archaeology. Inform the preparation and review of conservation area appraisals. Where appropriate, assist with the development of Town Schemes and urban regeneration projects. Inform Local Development Frameworks, especially in the recognition of historic townscape character. Act as a vehicle for engaging local communities by promoting civic pride and participation in local research and conservation projects. Build upon the original Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) for Buckinghamshire (completed in 2005; BCAS, 2006) through the addition of more detailed characterisation of the urban environment. Address an agenda recognised in the Solent Thames Research Framework for Buckinghamshire (Thorpe, 2009) regarding a lack of knowledge of the built environment and in particular the need for research into land-use continuity and internal planning within Buckinghamshire’s early towns 1.3 Sources This report has been compiled using a number of sources, including the information recorded by Buckinghamshire Historic Environment Record (HER), selected historical, cartographic and documentary records held by Buckinghamshire Records Office and the List of Buildings of Architectural and Historical Interest. Site visits were also made to classify the character of the built environment. ASC Ltd 2014 Page 4 Wing, Buckinghamshire Settlement Assessment Report 1612/WHP 2. Setting 2.1 Location, Topography & Soils 2.1.1 Wing village is situated at the centre of Wing parish on the north eastern edge of the county of Buckinghamshire in the District of Aylesbury Vale. It lies c.4km south-southwest of Leighton Buzzard and 10 km northeast of Aylesbury. The closest villages are Linslade (3km northeast) and Wingrave (3.8km southwest). The hamlets of Burcott and Littleworth to the north and Ascott to the east, are incorporated into the parish. The hamlet of Crafton formerly lay within the parish but a late 20th century boundary change removed Crafton to the civil parish of Mentmore. 2.1.2 The village of Wing lies on high ground at an elevation of 120-125m OD with views over the Chiltern Hills and the Vale of Aylesbury to the south. The whole of Wing Parish lies within the watershed of the Upper River Ouse basin and many small tributary streams are located in valleys at the fringes of the village. The tributaries trend eastward to join the River Ousel in Linslade which then joins the River Ouse at Newport Pagnell. The surrounding valley bottoms are at an elevation of 95-105m OD. 2.1.3 The soils within the village and some of the valley slopes are of the Ragdale Association, consisting of slow seasonally waterlogged clay and fine loamy clay soils (Soil Survey 1983, 712g). The underlying geology is quaternary glacial, sand and gravel (BGS sheet no. 220). 2.1.4 The soils in the valleys and low ground to the south of the village are of the Evesham 2 association, consisting of slowly permeable calcareous clayey soils. Some slowly permeable seasonally waterlogged non-calcareous