2005 Public Disclosure Authorized SOURCEBOOK FOR LAND UsE, LAND-UsE Public Disclosure Authorized CHANGE AND FORESTRY PROJECTS Timothy Pearson, Sarah Walker and Sandra Brown Public Disclosure Authorized With input from Bernhard Schlamadinger (Joanneum Research), Igino Emmer (Face Public Disclosure Authorized Foundation), Wolfram Kägi (BSS) and Ian Noble, Benoit Bosquet and Lasse Ringius (World Bank) SOURCebOOK FOR LAND Use, LAND-Use CHANGE AND FOresTRY PROjeCTS Timothy Pearson, Sarah Walker and Sandra Brown With input from Bernhard Schlamadinger, Igino Emmer, Wolfram Kägi, Ian Noble, Benoit Bosquet and Lasse Ringius i SOURCE B OOK FOR LAND U S E , L AND-U S E CHANGE AND FORE S TRY PROJECT S SOURCE B OOK FOR LAND U S E , L AND-U S E CHANGE AND FORE S TRY PROJECT S i i CONTENT S 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE ......................................................................................................... 1 2. INTRODUCTION TO THE KYOTO PROTOCOL AND THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECT CYCLE ........................................................................................... 2 2.1. The Clean Development Mechanism ...................................................................................... 2 3. INTRODUCTION TO THE BIOCARBON FUND AND THE BIOCARBON FUND CYCLE ...... 3 4. CONCEPTS OF ADDITIONALITY, BASELINE, LEAKAGE AND PERMANENCE .................... 4 4.1. Additionality ........................................................................................................................ 4 4.2. Baseline ............................................................................................................................... 4 4.3. Leakage ............................................................................................................................... 5 4.4. Permanence ......................................................................................................................... 5 5. SpECifiC CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE KYOTO PROTOCOL .............................................. 6 5.1. Currently Acceptable LULUCF Projects .................................................................................. 6 5.2. The Eligibility of Lands ......................................................................................................... 6 5.2.1. 31 December 1989 Rule .............................................................................................. 6 5.2.2. Definitions of Forest .................................................................................................... 6 5.2.3. The Eligibility Tool ...................................................................................................... 6 5.3. Additionality Tests .................................................................................................................. 7 5.4. Choice of Baseline ................................................................................................................... 8 5.5. Crediting................................................................................................................................ 9 5.6. Submission of New Afforesation/Reforestation Methodology ..................................................... 10 6. DEVELOPING A MEASUREMENT PLAN ............................................................................... 11 6.1. The Concepts of Accuracy, Precision and Being Conservative ................................................... 11 6.2. Define the Project Boundaries .............................................................................................. 12 6.3. Stratify the Project Area ....................................................................................................... 12 6.4. Decide Which Carbon Pools to Measure ............................................................................... 12 6.5. Determine Type, Number and Location of Measurement Plots ................................................ 13 6.5.1. Type of Plots ............................................................................................................. 13 6.4.2. Number of Plots ........................................................................................................ 15 6.5.3. Location of Plots ....................................................................................................... 18 6.6. Determine Measurement Frequency ........................................................................................ 18 7. FIELD MEASUREMENTS ....................................................................................................... 19 7.1. Preparation for Fieldwork .................................................................................................... 19 7.2. Trees, Palms and Lianas ....................................................................................................... 20 7.2.1. Trees ........................................................................................................................ 20 7.2.2. Palms ....................................................................................................................... 21 7.2.3. Lianas ...................................................................................................................... 21 7.3. Non-Tree Vegetation .............................................................................................................. 21 i SOURCE B OOK FOR LAND U S E , L AND-U S E CHANGE AND FORE S TRY PROJECT S SOURCE B OOK FOR LAND U S E , L AND-U S E CHANGE AND FORE S TRY PROJECT S i i 7.4. Dead Wood .......................................................................................................................... 22 7.4.1. Standing Dead Wood ................................................................................................. 22 7.4.2. Downed Dead Wood ................................................................................................. 22 7.5. Forest Floor (Litter Layer) ...................................................................................................... 22 7.6. Soil ..................................................................................................................................... 23 8. ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................. 24 8.1. Live Tree Biomass ............................................................................................................... 24 8.2. Belowground Tree Biomass .................................................................................................. 27 8.3. Non-Tree Vegetation ........................................................................................................... 28 8.4. Standing Dead Wood .......................................................................................................... 28 8.5. Downed Dead Wood .......................................................................................................... 28 8.6. Forest Floor (Litter Layer) .................................................................................................... 29 8.7. Soil ................................................................................................................................... 29 8.9. Estimating Net Change ....................................................................................................... 30 8.9.1 Uncertainty ............................................................................................................... 30 9. NON-CO2 GASES ................................................................................................................... 33 9.1 Transport and Machinery .................................................................................................... 33 9.2. Fertilisation ........................................................................................................................ 33 9.3. Fire ................................................................................................................................... 33 10. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................ 34 10.1. QA/QC for Field Measurements .......................................................................................... 34 10.2. QA/QC for Sample Preparation and Laboratory Measurements ............................................... 34 10.3. QA/QC for Data Entry ....................................................................................................... 34 10.4. QA/QC for Data Archiving ................................................................................................. 35 11. GUIDANCE ON LEAKAGE .................................................................................................. 36 12. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 38 APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY....................................................................................................... 39 APPENDIX B: CREATING BIOMASS REGRESSION EqUATIONS ......................................... 40 Method 1: Developing Biomass Equations ..................................................................................... 40 Method II: Mean Tree Biomass Estimate ........................................................................................ 40 APPENDIX C: PUBLISHED