Journal of Species Research 9(1):1-10, 2020 Nannophya koreana sp. nov. (Odonata: Libellulidae): A new dragonfly species previously recognized in Korea as the endangered pygmy dragonflyNannophya pygmaea Rambur Yeon Jae Bae1,2,*, Jin Hwa Yum1, Dong Gun Kim3, Kyong In Suh4 and Ji Hyoun Kang5 1National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 3Smith College of Liberal Arts, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 4Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea 5Korean Entomological Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] A new dragonfly species, Nannophya koreana sp. nov., is described from Korea on the basis of morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Nannophya materials from Korea and other areas in Southeast Asia were compared. The new species was previously recognized in Korea as the endangered pygmy dragonfly Nannophya pygmaea Rambur, 1842, which is widely distributed in insular and peninsular Southeast Asia. However, male adults of the Nannophya population in Korea could be distinguished from other N. pygmaea populations by the presence of a thick, incomplete black stripe on the lateral synthorax that terminated at half-length (vs. continuous to wing base), light orange (vs. red) anal appendages, and 4-5 (vs. 2-3) black teeth on the ventral superior appendages. In addition, the body length of N. koreana was generally larger (1.2-1.4 times) than that of N. pygmaea, regardless of life stage. COI gene sequences from the two groups exhibited substantial genetic differences (>12%), thereby sufficiently substantiating their differentiation. The taxonomic status, distribution, and habitat of the new species are discussed. Keywords: ‌description, endangered species, Libellulidae, Nannophya koreana sp. nov., Nannophya pygmaea, Odonata Ⓒ 2020 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2020.9.1.001 INTRODUCTION moor) of Jeongjoksan (Mt.) in Ulsan, Mungyeong in Gyeongsanbuk-do, Boryeong in Chungcheongnam-do, The late Professor Chang Whan Kim (Korea Universi- and Muuido Island in Incheon (Bae et al., 1999; Lee et ty, Seoul, Korea) collected adult specimens of Nannophya al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2010). Rambur (Libellulidae) dragonflies from Songnisan (Mt.) The genus Nannophya is generally recognized to in- in Boeun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, in 1957, which clude some of the world’s smallest dragonflies and con- represented the first collection of a Nannophya taxon in tains six species, with four in Australia, one in the Hima- Korea, and identified the specimens as Nannophya pyg- layas, and one (N. pygmaea) being widely distributed in maea Rambur, 1842 (Cho, 1958; 1969; Bae et al., 1999). the Orient and Australia, including in tropical and sub- Unfortunately, the specimens have not been found in the tropical areas of Southeast Asia, China, Japan, India, and Korea University Entomological Museum, where the northern Australia (Steinmann, 1997; Theischinger, 2003). specimens were supposed to be deposited. Since then, the Indeed, because all Nannophya specimens in Korea were distribution and ecology of the species has been inten- identified as N. pygmaea, South Korea was previously sively investigated, and the species has been documented recognized as the northernmost limit of the distribution of from more than 20 localities throughout South Korea, this species (Bae et al., 1999). including Gokseong in Jeollanam-do, Wangdungjae of Furthermore, the Nannophya population in Korea, Jirisan (Mt.) in Gyeongsangnam-do, Moojechineup (high which was recognized as N. pygmaea, was listed in the 2 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 9, No. 1 Red Data Book of Korea (National Institute of Biological al., 2016). The GTR+I+G model was determined to be Resources, 2013) and was protected under the law as a the best-fit evolutionary substitution model by AICc from Category II Endangered Species. Thus, the distribution jModeltest 2.1.7 (Darriba et al., 2012) and subsequent and habitat (Bae et al., 1999; Lee, 2005), life history and phylogenetic analyses using the maximum likelihood development (Kim et al., 2006; 2009a; 2009b; 2010), and (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) were conducted. ML and conservation and habitat restoration (Lee et al., 2008) of NJ method were employed using the PhyML Web-Servers the population in Korea have been studied intensively. 3.0 (Guindon et al., 2010) and MEGA7.0.14, respectively, However, comprehensive morphological and molecu- with 1000 bootstrap replicates. lar examinations of N. pygmaea materials sampled from Northeast and Southeast Asia have revealed that the Ko- rean population can be distinguished from other popula- TAXONOMIC ACCOUNTS tions of N. pygmaea, which was originally described from insular Indonesia (Ambon and Borneo) and China (Kirby, Family Libellulidae Selys, 1840 1890). Thus, the population in Korea is hereby described Genus Nannophya Rambur, 1842 as a new species. Nannophya koreana Bae, sp. nov. 한국꼬마잠자리 (신칭) (Fig. 1) MATERIALS AND METHODS Nannophya pygmaea: Cho, 1958: 45 (male adult); Cho, 1969: 885 (adult, nymph); Bae et al., 1999: 288 (male Materials and description and female adults, nymph); Lee, 2001: 123 (male & female adult figures); Jung, 2011: 285 (nymph), not Adult dragonflies were collected using sweep nets Rambur (misidentification). from vegetation growing in wetlands or in pool areas of streams, and larvae were collected from the shallow areas Type material examined. Holotype: male adult (No. of wetlands or stream pools using hand nets. The adult NIBR IN 0000618157, pinned), SOUTH KOREA, Jeol- specimens were either pinned or preserved in 80% eth- lanam-do, Haenam-gun, Songji-myeon, Mabong-ri, 28 anol, and all larvae were preserved in 80% ethanol. The V 2012, J.A. Jeon, deposited at NIBR. Paratypes: 2 type specimens of N. koreana sp. nov. were deposited in male adults (No. NIBR IN 0000618159, 0000618160, the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) in pinned), same data and deposition as holotype; 1 male Incheon, Korea and in the Korea University Entomologi- adult (No. NIBR IN 0000482500, pinned), SOUTH KO- cal Museum (KU) in Seoul, Korea. The terminology used REA, Incheon, Jung-gu, Muui-dong, Muui Is., 14 VIII in the present study generally follows Sugimura et al. 2006, K.G. Kim, NIBR; 1 female adult (No. NIBR IN (2001). 0000812695, pinned), SOUTH KOREA, Jeollanam-do, Hampyeong-gun, Haebo-myeon, Geumgye-ri, 20 VI Phylogenetic analyses and genetic divergence 2016, H.C. Jeong, NIBR; 2 male adults (No. KUEM calculations 0000003728, 0000003729, pinned) & 5 female adults Total genomic DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing (No. 0000003704, 0000003705, 0000003730 (Allo- of the COI gene were conducted following by a protocol type), 0000003731, 0000003732, pinned), SOUTH KO- used by a recent Ephemeroptera barcoding study (Suh REA, Gyeongsangbuk-do (mislabeled as Gyeongnam), et al., 2019), and both universal and newly designed in- Mungyeong-si, Nongam-myeon, Yulsu-ri, 7 VII 2006, ternal primer sets were used for PCR amplification from D.G. Kim, J.M. Hwang & H.H. Song, KU; 12 male adults long-term preserved specimens. A total of 33 sequences & 3 female adults (in 80% Ethanol), SOUTH KOREA, were used for the phylogenetic reconstruction, including Gyeongsangbuk-do, Mungyeong-si, Nongam-myeon, six newly obtained sequences from specimens from Ko- Yulsu-ri, at abandoned paddy, 17 VI 2006, D.G. Kim, rea, Taiwan, and Singapore and 26 GenBank sequences KU; 7 female adults (in 80% Ethanol), SOUTH KOREA, from specimens from Korea, Japan, Twain, China, Laos, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Mungyeong-si, Nongam-myeon, Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore, and Malaysia. A COI Yulsu-ri, at abandoned peddy, 19 VI 2006, D.G. Kim, sequence from a dragonfly Tetrathemis platyptera Selys KU; 5 male adults & 4 female adults (pinned), SOUTH (Libellulidae) (KC122235) was included as an outgroup. KOREA, Chungcheongnam-do, Buyeo-gun, Jangam-my- All sequences (450 bp) were aligned using the ClustalW eon, 14 VI 2007, D.G. Kim, KU. multiple sequences alignment package (Thompson et al., Other material examined. Nannophya koreana: 1994) in BioEdit 7.1.9 (Hall, 1999), and the genetic diver- SOUTH KOREA: 9 nymphs (small to large-sized, in gence of the sequences and overall mean distance were 80% Ethanol), Incheon, Jung-gu, Muui-dong, Muui Is., at estimated using p-distance in MEGA7.0.14 (Kumar et hill wetland, 7 V 2006, Y.J. Bae, T.J. Yoon, J.H. Yum & February 2020 Bae et al. Nannophya koreana from Korea 3 D.G. Kim, KU; 31 male adults (in 80% Ethanol), Chung- supratriangle without divided cells. Hindwings (Fig. 1A) cheongnam-do, Buyeo-gun, Jangam-myeon, behind Jan- with light orange pigmentation in basal 1/3 area reach- gam Elementary School, 29 VI 2010, D.G. Kim, KU; 169 ing to distal area of triangle, with thickened nodus and nymphs (mid- to large-sized, in 80% Ethanol), Gyeong- black pterostigma; antenodals 4; postnodals 7; supratrian- sangbuk-do, Mungyeong-si, Nongam-myeon, Yulsu-ri, at gle without crossvein; anal loop not developed. All legs abandoned paddy, 17 VI 2006, 3 VIII 2006, 20 X 2006, black, with hair-like setae dorsally and ventrally, with row 16 III 2007, 17 IV 2007, 4 VI 2007, 19 VI 2007 & 29 of long spines on anteroventral and posteroventral mar- VII 2007, D.G. Kim, KU; 1 nymph (large-sized, in 80% gins of apical femora, tibiae, and tarsi; claws paired; each Ethanol), Jeollanam-do, Gokseong-gun, Wolbong-ri, at claw bifurcate, with much smaller ventral branch. Abdo- abandoned paddy, 28 X 1999, Y.J. Bae, KU. Nanno- men. Abdominal segments I and anterior 1/3 of segment phya pygmaea: SINGAPORE: 2 male adults (in 80% II reddish black, with dense reddish black hair-like setae; Ethanol), Sime Road, Sime Track, Central Catchment posterior 2/3 of segment II-segment X brownish red, dor- Nature Reserve, MacRitchie Reservoir, 14 VII 2009, Y.J.