JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23_32 ― Review ― Cephalopods Collected by the Submersibles and ROVs of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology － Annotated Catalogue up to 2008 － Takashi Okutani1* and Dhugal Lindsay1 The crewed submersibles and ROVs of JAMSTEC have obtained many images of nektonic cephalopods, but they only rarely catch voucher specimens of such fast-moving animals. An inventory of JAMSTEC' s cephalopod specimens collected by those vehicles yielded nineteen species including some noteworthy species. Keywords: Cephalopoda, JAMSTEC, submersibles, ROVs, deep-sea species Received 21 October 2009 ; Accepted 25 December 2009 1 Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) *Corresponding author: Takashi Okutani Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan Tel. +81-46-867-9551 [email protected] Copyright by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 23 Cephalopod Catalogue in JAMSTEC Collection 1. Introduction 3. Annotated Catalogue Through the activities of crewed submersibles (Shinaki- 3.1. Order SEPIIDA 2000 and Shinkai-6500) and remotely operated vehicles Sepia sp. [Sepiidae] (ROVs) of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Material examined: JAMSTEC-054312. DML 4.6 mm, Hyper- Technology (JAMSTEC), a considerable number of Dolphin Dive 254 (November 24, 2003), 31°39.7′N, cephalopod images have been accumulated (see Fujikura et al., 130°46.4′E, 204 m, Kagoshima Bay. 2008). However, because of the difficulty of capturing such Remarks: For fear of destroying the sole specimen, the swift-moving animals using submarine vehicles, voucher cuttlebone, which had been softened by the fixative, was not specimens for those video and still images have not always examined. Thus, the identification to species was impossible. been captured and preserved in the JAMSTEC collection. Only some of the cephalopods for which interesting behaviors had 3.2. Order SEPIOLIDA been photographed or videotaped (e.g. Okutani & Lindsay, Sepiola birostrata Sasaki, 1918 2005; Okutani et al., 2007) were successfully captured. [Sepiolidae](Fig. 1A) This paper lists cephalopod specimens collected by the Material examined: JAMSTEC-032008 (2K1212SS5). DML crewed submersibles, such as Shinkai-2000 and Shinkai-6500, 12.8 mm. Shinkai 2000 Dive 1212 (August 16, 2000), and ROVs, such as the Dolphin-3K, Hyper-Dolphin, and some 39°29.7′N, 138°47.3′E, 677 m, (406 m altitude above others, with taxonomic and ecological annotations according to bottom), Japan Sea "Site C" (J. Hunt), 0.33°C, 34.06 PSU, DO species. 4.7 ml/L. Remarks: The sole specimen is a male. This species is common in the shallow trawl catches from the western sector of the 2. Materials and methods Japan Sea (Takayama & Okutani, 1992). The present specimen is a range extension of its distribution northwards off Akita 2.1. Specimens Prefecture, and is the deepest record of its occurrence. All of the cephalopod specimens treated here are preserved in 10% formalin or 70% ethanol and deposited in the Heteroteuthis (Stephanoteuthis) hawaiiensis (Berry, 1909) zoological collection of JAMSTEC. [Sepiolidae](Fig. 1B) Material examined: JAMSTEC-053574 to 053578. DML 22.1- 2.2. Format of catalogue 13.8 mm, Hyper-Dolphin Dive 188 (June 28, 2003), 26°41.3′ The 'material examined' in the forthcoming catalogue N, 141°02.7′E, 912 m, Kaikata Seamount, Ogasawara (S. by species/specimen primarily follows the format as below: Tsuchida). JAMSTEC registration number followed by accession number Remarks: Detailed field observations with some notes on these in parenthesis. DML ( = dorsal mantle length for squids) or TL specimens were reported elsewhere by Okutani & Tsuchida ( = total length for octopuses) , vessel-dive number, date of dive (2005) in parenthesis, latitude and longitude, depth of capture, general locality, name of participating scientist (or collector) in 3.3. Order TEUTHIDA parenthesis followed by hydrographic data (if any, e.g. water Watasenia scintillans (Berry, 1911) temperature, salinity PSU, dissolved oxygen DO). [Enoploteuthidae] (Fig. 1C) Some taxonomic or ecological comments are Material examined: JAMSTEC-048288 (2K1334SS2a). DML occasionally annotated under 'Remarks'. 42.9 mm & 44.9 mm, Shinkai 2000 Dive 1334 (April 2, 2002), 35°00.2′N, 139°13.6′E, 620 m, SE off Hatsushima Island, Sagami Bay, at 1200 in bottom depth (Y. Ohno). JAMSTEC-054550 & -054551. DML 44.5 mm & 43.8 mm, Hyper-Dolphin Dive 277 (March 8, 2004), 35°00.2′N, 139° 45.0′E, 360 m, off Hatsushima Island, Sagami Bay, at 1152 m in bottom depth (D. Lindsay). 24 JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23_32 T. Okutani and D. Lindsay JAMSTEC unregistered (HD521SS4b). DML 37.6 mm, Hyper- Shinkai-2000 Dive 1217 (September 14, 2000), 42°35.5′N, Dolphin Dive 521 (March 4, 2006), 34°59.4′N, 140° 15.5′E, 143°158.0′E, 326 m, off east coast of Hokkaido (T. Hamatsu), 478 m, off Kamogawa, Boso Peninsula (D. Lindsay). 2.5°C, 33.62 PSU, DO 3.2 ml/L. JAMSTEC unregistered: DML 39.3 mm. Hyper-Dolphin Dive Remarks: This is an immature specimen. It grows to 16 cm 523 (March 6, 2006); 35°01.36′N, 139°21.72′E, sampling DML (Okutani, 2005) The manal hooks are still under depth unknown, Sagami Bay, at 1460-1500 m in bottom depth development: A central large hook, a single distal small hook, (D. Lindsay). and two proximal small hooks were already differentiated. The Remarks: This species has occasionally been observed in adult has a single middle-sized hook distal to the large central swarms in Sagami Bay and Suruga Bay (see Okutani, 2008, fig. hook, and four small proxial hooks (Young, 1972). This species 26.2A) as well, at depths of around 400 m in daytime (D. is unique within the genus with its possession of subocular Lindsay, personal observation). photogenic tissue. Onychoteuthis lacrima Bolstad, 2008 Gonatopsis octopedatus Sasaki, 1920 [Gonatidae] (Fig. 1E) [Onychoteuthidae] (Fig. 1G) Material examined: JAMSTEC-032003 (2K1207SS6 A). DML Material examined: JAMSTEC-031983 (2K1201SS5). DML 60.9 mm, Shinkai 2000 Dive 1207 (August 10, 2000), 67.9 mm, Shinkai 2000 Dive 1201(July 6, 2000), 35°00.1′N, 37°03.5′N, 134°42.5′E, 868 m, Japan Sea site "A" off Oki 139°13.7′E, 1163 m, SE of Hatsushima Island, Sagami Bay Bank (J.C.Hunt), 0.23°C, 33.92 PSU. (H. Miyake), 3.0°C, 34.43 PSU, DO 1.2 ml/L. JAMSTEC-031998 (2K1212SS6 B). DML 55.7 mm, Shinkai Remarks: The taxonomic status of the genus Onychoteuthis has 2000 Dive 1212 (August 16, 2000), 39°29.7′N, 138°47.4′E, been resolved by the recent revision by Bolstad (2008). The 1029 m (70 m altitude above bottom), Japan Sea site "C" off present specimen is characterized by having no Akita Prefecture (J.C. Hunt), 0.24°C, 34.06 PSU, DO 4.7 ml/L. chromatophores on the ventral surface, 22 (right) and 23 (left) Remarks: Gonatopsis octopedatus was originally described by tentacular hooks, and posterior visceral photophores about Sasaki (1920) based on a single specimen (DML 65 mm) from twice as large as anterior one. The present specimen is Albatross St. 332918 near Cape Patience, Sakhalin, in 440 identifiable as O. lacrima among the O. banksii-complex in the fathoms ( = 792 m). Since then, Akimushkin (1963) reported Pacific. O. lacrima was originally established based on a this species from the Northwest Pacific waters off Hokkaido specimen with a DML of 94 mm from central North Pacific. and the Sea of Okhotsk. Subsequently, Okiyama (1970) gave a Bolstad (2008) stated that this species is distributed in "north- full description based on a single specimen (DML 99+ mm) central Pacific waters (200-0 m), primarily 30°-45°N and from a depth of 810 m off Niigata, the Japan Sea. No essential 170°W to 170°E; also found off eastern Japan". No in situ addition is needed to bolster the descriptions by Sasaki (1920, image was taken. 1929) and Okiyama (1970). By summarizing the previous distribution data by Onykia loennbergi (Ishikawa & Wakiya, 1914). Sasaki (1920), Akimushkin (1963), Okiyama (1970), and Nesis [Onychoteuthidae] (Fig. 1F) (1973), Nesis (1987) defined the distribution range of this Material examined: JAMSTEC unregistered (HD521SS4). species as from the "northern slope of the Bering Sea to the Sea DML 61 mm, Hyper-Dolphin Dive 521 (March 4, 2006), of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, NE Honshu, and the Gulf of Alaska. 34°59.4′N, 140°15.5′E, 494 m, off Kamogawa, Boso Mesopelagic, bathypelagic, and lower bathyal" probably Peninsula (D. Lindsay), 6.6°C, 34.27 PSU, DO 1.9 ml/L. incorporating his unpublished data. Okiyama (1970) stated that Remarks: The living state of this specimen was photographed "the rather bizarre, very long, tapering and crooking distally by the second author (DL) and shown in Okutani (2008, fig. shape of arms in the present species reminds us of a condition 26.3). The ecological significance of downward gazing posture in octopods rather than in decapods" assuming that G. of this species is discussed elsewhere (Kubodera et al., octopedatus may live closely associated with the ocean bottom, submitted) such as standing or crawling by using its curled arms. However, the underwater observations did not prove such a bottom- Gonatus pyros Young, 1972 [Gonatidae] (Fig. 1D) associated behavior for this squid (Hunt, personal Material examined: JAMSTEC-032010. DML 24.7 mm, communication; Okutani, 2008). Also, neither of the two JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23_32 25 Cephalopod Catalogue in JAMSTEC Collection specimens have crooked arm tips which are very slenderly Histioteuthis hoylei (Goodrich, 1896) [Histioteuthidae] attenuated.