ANNEXES TO PROJECT BRIEF Annex 1: EPA letter of Endorsement............................................................................................................3 Annex 2: Threats to Biodiversity and Root Cause Analysis.........................................................................4 Annex 3a Project Objective Tree..................................................................................................................9 Annex 3b: Project Logical Framework......................................................................................................10 Annex 3c: Incremental Costs .....................................................................................................................18 Annex 4: Detailed Description of the Ecological Processes, Ecosystems and Biodiversity of Ethiopia....25 Annex 5: Maps............................................................................................................................................34 Annex 5b: Protected Area Lists for Ethiopia (all categories) .....................................................................35 Annex 6: Detailed Capacity Analysis of the Protected Areas Sector .........................................................40 Annex 7: Lessons Learned..........................................................................................................................59 Annex 8: Demonstration sites.....................................................................................................................64 Annex 9: Sustainable Financing Options for Ethiopian protected areas.....................................................68 Annex 10: Stakeholder Analysis and Participation Plan.............................................................................82 Annex 11: Protected area categories, planning processes and guidelines...................................................85 Annex 12: Monitoring and evaluation framework......................................................................................94 Annex 13: References...............................................................................................................................108 List of Tables Table 1. Baseline, end of stage 1 and end of project METT scores across assessed protected areas in Ethiopia. Note that not all sites are given end of stage 1 or end-of-project scores; this is primarily because while an increase in the METT scores across the protected area system is expected as capacity is developed, the accelerated improvement will occur with the formation of partnerships in areas. Currently, it is difficult to predict which areas will be the focus of the work; this will be developed in the gaps and prioritization analysis. ..............................................................................17 Table 2. Types of vegetation, ecosystems, WWF ecoregions and CI Hotspots within Ethiopia. .............26 Table 3. The ecosystems developed by the project preparation team to determine the degree of representation in the protected area network. The table also gives the METT scores for the areas as some measure of the status of the area................................................................................................27 Table 4. The gaps in knowledge in biodiversity, ecosystems and ecological processes in Ethiopia. Note that this list is not exhaustive. The prioritized topics are shown in bold although they are not ranked in order of priority...............................................................................................................................31 Table 5. National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.....................................................................................35 Table 6. Summary of Information on Wildlife Reserve Areas of Ethiopia...............................................36 Table 7. Summary of Information on Controlled Hunting Areas of Ethiopia............................................36 1 Table 8. National Forest Priority Areas of Ethiopia (NFPAs) by type and coverage (Hectares) (Source: State of Environment Report For Ethiopia, 2003 – EPA)...................................................................38 Table 9. The mandates of the concerned biodiversity conservation and protected area management organizations at a federal level............................................................................................................44 Table 10. Protected area management Roles for the General Stakeholder Categories ..............................53 Table 11. Summary of the lessons learnt from the interventions that have taken place in protected areas. Also included are community-based projects in discrete areas that focus on sustainable natural resource management systems............................................................................................................59 Table 12. Protected Area Revenue Generation Estimates-Park Entry Fees 1999 - 2003..........................71 Table 13. Tourism entrance fee payment structure for various protected areas in Ethiopia .....................72 Table 14. Revenue Generation - Sport Hunting Permits 1998- 2004........................................................72 Table 15. The process to establish a Ethiopian Protected Areas Conservation Trust Fund based on experiences in Tanzania with the Eastern Arc Trust Fund .................................................................77 Table 16. Revenue generated from civet musk sales and sales tax, 1998-2004........................................79 Table 17. The potential costs and benefits of protected areas to both local and regional and international communities. Note that the costs assume poor management while benefits assume effective management of protected areas which includes agreement by stakeholders ......................................87 Table 18. The detailed METT scores for protected areas in Ethiopia.......................................................97 Table 19. Outline data for the Bale Mountains National Park METT. Similar data for all assessed protected areas are available and held in a database that has been established in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development...................................................................................................99 Table 20. Detailed METT for the Bale Mountains including ‘next steps’. Similar data for all assessed protected areas are available and held in a database that has been established in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.................................................................................................100 List of Figures Error! No table of figures entries found. 2 Annex 1: EPA letter of Endorsement (see separate attachment) 3 Annex 2: Threats to Biodiversity and Root Cause Analysis Relevant Threat Biodiversity Impact Root cause Barrier Alternative strategy to All Conversion of Near total loss of Population growth, poverty, Land tenure insecurity for Develop innovative protected area management categories habitat to wild habitats, flora, food insecurity resulting in agricultural lands. Limited political partnerships of agriculture fauna and people moving into marginal commitment to deal with agricultural protected and settlement biodiversity on areas and protected areas encroachment – squatters in Adequate capacity (training, tools and funds) areas and converted areas. protected area are rarely prosecuted Unsustainable and unproductive Protected areas mainstreamed in land-use their framework and recognized by resettlement surrounds Habitat and so agriculture necessitates clearing Little or no incentive to respect population of new fields protected area boundaries coupled agencies fragmentation and with no monitoring of protected area Role of protected areas in watershed management isolation Government resettlement encroachment schemes to wilderness areas recognized and acted upon Greatly diminished including protected areas Little coordination between Develop and apply capacities for economic watershed function, government agencies (agricultural valuation of protected area/natural areas accelerated erosion, Refugee settlements/camps planning, land allocation, and less carbon Large benefits and low risk of resettlement, refugee, protected area) Awareness raising targeting policy makers and storage decision makers prosecution for protected area Low priority of protected areas in squatters development context. Little Mainstreaming of protected area into development awareness of economic values of planning protected areas All areas The protected Core biodiversity has The wildlife sector has not been Weak wildlife sector, little linkage to A full program of gap analysis and conservation area system is no legal protection, able to develop new areas in States, no political will to increase planning under revised enabling environment. not fully e.g. arid past thirty years. protected area system. Disconnect representative communities of between approved guidance (e.g. of ecosystems Ogaden NCS) and reality. there are gaps. Remaining habitat under pressure. All Unsustainable Deforestation Demographic growth and Little or no incentive for local Develop protected area management partnerships categories often illegal increasing demand for natural populations to respect protected area with local communities, tourism operators, civil of harvesting of Loss of habitat resources. Rapidly growing cash boundaries and regulations society institutions and/or