INDEX Abodrites, see Slavs Alfonso VII, king of Castile (1126–57), Absalon, bishop of Roskilde (1158–92), 31–2, 35 archbishop of Lund (1177–1201), 47 Alfonso VIII, king of Castile Adalbert, archbishop of Hamburg- (1158–1214), 156–7 Bremen (1043–72), 29 Alfonso Henriques, king of Portugal Adalbert Vojt^ch, bishop of Prague (1139–85), 35 (983–97), 81 Alfonso Jordan, count of Toulouse Adam of Bremen, chronicler (d. before (d. 1148), 35 1085), 13, 29 Almeria, 35–6 Adolf, count of Holstein (d. 1164), 35 Alvis, bishop of Arras (1134–47), 34 Adrian IV, pope (1154–9), 34, 51 Amadeus III, count of Savoy Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, chronicler (1103–48), 34–5 (d. after 1251), 175 Anastasius IV, pope (1153–4), 63–4 Albert (Suerbeer), archbishop of Riga Anders (Sunesen), archbishop of Lund (1253/55–1273), 230–1, 233, 243 (1201–22) Albert (of Buxhövden), bishop of and crusades to the Holy Land, Livonia (1199–1229), 80, 187 87–8, 101 n. 82 and the Danes, 133–4 and the curia, 85–6, 88–9, 152, and the ecclesiastical organization, 157, 160 n. 112, 250 123, 125–6, 171, 181–2 and Estonia, 85, 123–4, 157 and Emperor Frederick II, 203–4 and Finland, 82–3, 126 and Henry of Livonia, 14 and mission, 82–3, 86 and the new converts, 117–19 legatine powers of, 126–7 and the Sword-Brothers, 80–1, 134 Andrew II, king of Hungary (1205–35), and William of Modena, see William, 158–9, 189 n. 10 bishop of Modena Anselm, bishop of Havelberg (d. 1158), and recruitment of crusaders, 68–9, 34, 49 80, 101, 102, 131, 133–4 apostasy, apostates, 23, 47, 68, 71–5, and recruitment of missionaries, 78, 92, 117, 119, 177, 179, 191, 113–15, 163 n. 119 209, 245, 252 appeals to the curia, 80, 83–5, 91, canon law and, 10 136, 147, 171, 222 apostolic life, 40, 49, 120, 183, 197 Albert (the Bear), count of Brandenburg Arkona, 43 (d. 1170), 25, 35, 44 n. 78 Arnold of Lübeck, chronicler (d. Albert, count of Orlamünde and 1211/14), 13, 69–71, 86 n. 30, 114 Holstein (d. 1245), 133 n. 1, 137 n. 122, 158 n. 103 Alberto of Morra, cardinal, see Arnulf, bishop of Lisieux (1141–82), 34 Gregory VIII Augustine of Hippo (d. 430), 9, 109 Alexander III, pope (1159–81), 3 and mission in the Baltic region, Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem 54–5, 56–7, 58–65, 76–7, 250–1 (1143–63), 35 and mission among Muslims, 57–8 Baldwin, papal legate to the Baltic Alexander IV, pope (1254–61), 241, (d. 1243), 187–8, 206, 223, 231, 246 242, 244 Benedictines Alexander (Nevskii), prince of in Livonia, 67, 115 Novgorod (1236–63), 217–18 Bernard of Clairvaux, abbot (d. 1153) see also Novgorod and Eugenius III, 31, 42–3 278 index and heretics, 41, 120 n. 149 as crusade preachers, 41–2, 241 and the indulgence, 6 at Dargun, 52 and mission and conversion, 37, at Doberan, 51 42–3 at Dünamünde, 115 and the Second Crusade, 27–9, at Lekno, 81, 116, 183 30–3, 36, 37, 41, 249–50 in Estonia, 163 n. 119 and the Templars, 115 n. 131 in Livonia, 26, 67, 113–15, 163 see also Cistercians; tempus acceptabile n. 119 Berno, bishop of Mecklenburg and in Prussia, 81, 116 Schwerin (d. 1190/1191), 51–2 see also Bernard of Clairvaux Berthold, bishop of Livonia (d. 1198), Clement III, pope (1187–91), 3, 66–7, 26, 68–9, 71, 72, 74, 75 74, 75, 183 Boleslaw III, duke of Poland Clement VI, pope (1342–52), 245 (1102–38), 23 Conrad of Urarch, cardinal (1219–27), Boniface, missionary (d. 754), 38, 164 papal legate, 197 Boris, khan of the Bulgars (852–89) Conrad III, king of Germany (d. 907), 38, 118 (1138–52), 29, 35 Brandenburg, 25, 52 n. 101, 206 Conrad I, duke of Masovia (d. 1247), see also Albert (the Bear), count of 189 Brandenburg Conversion Bremen, 13–14, 50, 74, 80, 85 n. 23, canon law and, 10, 240 126 of Estonians, 133–4, 175–6, 216 see also Hamburg-Bremen n. 122 Brun of Querfurt, missionary (d. 1009), of Jews, 92 81 of Karelians, 245 Burzenland (Barcaság), 159 of Livonians, 72, 73–4, 80, 92, 133, 175–6 Calatrava, Order of, 115 n. 131 of Muslims, 57–8, 61, 167, 253 Calixtus II, pope (1119–24), 32 of Prussians, 135, 136, 177 Charlemagne, emperor (800–14), 91 of Slavs, 23–4, 29, 43, 48–9, 51–2 Celestine III, pope (1191–8), 3 of Tavastians, 190 and Honorius III, see Honorius III see also mission and Innocent III, see Innocent III Converts and mission in the Baltic region, marriage regulations for, 117–19 67–75, 77, 99, 115, 183, 251 pastoral care among, 49, 50, 67, 76, and mission in northern Africa, 75 117, 133 Cencius, see Honorius III status of, 119, 177–9, 185, 201, Charles (the Good), count of Flanders 203–4, 234 (1119–27), 45 Councils of the Church Christian, bishop of Prussia (d. 1244), Lateran III (1179), 10 81, 232 Lateran IV (1215), 7, 79, 81, 83–4, and control over the Prussian 87, 96–7, 98, 121, 125–6, 141, mission, 81, 135, 147, 180, 190, 150, 154, 160, 166, 238 201, 232, 246–7 Lyons I (1245), 228–9, 230 and the ecclesiastical organization, Lyons II (1274), 244 181 crusade(s) appeals to the curia, 135, 144–5, against the Albigensians, 80, 98, 146, 151–2, 177, 192 104, 106–11, 111–13, 131, 210, in captivity, 190, 232 238 Cistercian Order, Cistercians, 40, 85 against heretics in Germany, 210 n. 22, 197 against the Hohenstaufen, 229 and mission, 51, 162 against Markward of Anweiler, 80 and the papacy, 41–2, 51, 113–14, against the Mongols, 210, 224–5, 120, 162–4, 184 228, 232–3, 241.