The Project for the Strategic Master Plan Under Sewerage Sector in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Phase 1) Final Report Section II Strategic Sewerage Master Plan Badulla THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF CITY PLANNING AND WATER SUPPLY MINISTRY OF POLICY PLANNING AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE BOARD THE PROJECT FOR THE STRATEGIC MASTER PLAN UNDER THE SEWERAGE SECTOR IN THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA (PHASE 1) SECTION II STRATEGIC SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN ③BADULLA MAY 2017 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) NIHON SUIDO CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. The Project for the Strategic Master Plan Under Sewerage Sector in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Phase 1) Final Report Section II Strategic Sewerage Master Plan Badulla EXCHANGE RATE (As of May 2017) 1LKR = 0.74041 JPY 1USD = 150.340 LKR 1USD = 111.313 JPY The Project for the Strategic Master Plan Under Sewerage Sector in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Phase 1) Final Report Section II Strategic Sewerage Master Plan Badulla TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................... i LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................. v ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY ............................................................................................. vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES .......................................................................... 1-1 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE .................................................................................................................. 1-2 CHAPTER 2 EXISTING CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS/NATURAL CONDITIONS ........................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Climate .................................................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.2 Topography ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.1.3 Geology ................................................................................................................................................. 2-4 2.1.4 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................................. 2-4 2.1.5 Surface Water Quality and Quantity ..................................................................................................... 2-5 2.1.6 Environmental Quality .......................................................................................................................... 2-7 2.1.7 Protected Areas ..................................................................................................................................... 2-8 2.1.8 Fauna and Flora................................................................................................................................... 2-11 2.2 EXISTING SOCIAL CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................... 2-13 2.2.1 Administration .................................................................................................................................... 2-13 2.2.2 Population and Demography ............................................................................................................... 2-13 2.2.3 Health/Disease .................................................................................................................................... 2-14 2.2.4 Religion/Ethnicity ............................................................................................................................... 2-14 2.2.5 Poverty Rate ........................................................................................................................................ 2-15 2.2.6 History and Culture (Heritage)............................................................................................................ 2-15 2.2.7 Economy ............................................................................................................................................. 2-16 2.2.8 Land Use ............................................................................................................................................. 2-18 2.2.9 Water Supply and Sanitation ............................................................................................................... 2-21 2.2.10 Solid Waste Collection and Disposal .............................................................................................. 2-23 2.3 NEED FOR THE PROJECT ................................................................................................................ 2-23 CHAPTER 3 PLANNING BASIS FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEM ......................................................... 3-1 3.1 SANITATION PROVISION .................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Target Year ............................................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.2 Planning and Design Criteria ................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.3 Sewage Collection Area ........................................................................................................................ 3-3 3.1.4 Design Sewage Flow ............................................................................................................................. 3-4 3.1.5 Influent Sewage Quality........................................................................................................................ 3-4 CHAPTER 4 PRELIMINARY PLAN AND DESIGN OF THE SEWARAGE SYSTEM........................ 4-1 4.1 GENERAL LAYOUT ......................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 SEWAGE COLLECTION FACILITIES .................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2.1 Sewer Network...................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2.2 Sewage Pumping Stations ..................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.3 Service/House Connections .................................................................................................................. 4-2 4.3 SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITY ........................................................................................................ 4-3 4.3.1 Treatment Method ................................................................................................................................. 4-3 4.3.2 STP Site and General Layout of Unit Processes ................................................................................... 4-5 4.3.3 Odour Control ....................................................................................................................................... 4-7 i The Project for the Strategic Master Plan Under Sewerage Sector in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Phase 1) Final Report Section II Strategic Sewerage Master Plan Badulla 4.3.4 Sewage Treatment Process .................................................................................................................... 4-8 4.3.5 Sludge Treatment and Disposal ............................................................................................................. 4-9 4.4 ON-SITE FACILITIES AND SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................... 4-11 4.4.1 On-site Facilities ................................................................................................................................. 4-11 4.4.2 Septic Tanks ........................................................................................................................................ 4-11 4.4.3 Operation & Maintenance for Septic Tanks ........................................................................................ 4-11 CHAPTER 5 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION ............................... 5-1 5.1 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT ................................................................................ 5-1 5.1.1 Examples of Implementation Structures in Sri Lanka ........................................................................... 5-1 5.1.2 Public Works in Badulla MC ...............................................................................................................