Research document AGRO -CYCLE PROJECT Centre of Expertise - Energy Authors a,b a,b a Frank Pierie , Austin Dsouza , Sayantan Sinha a Hanze University of applied sciences – Centre of Expertise - Energy, Zernikelaan 17, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands. b University of Groningen - Centre for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Nijenborgh 6, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands. Contact: Frank Pierie Researcher/Lecturer | Hanze University of Applied Sciences | Hanze Research Centre - Energy | Visiting address: Nijenborgh 6, 9747 AG Groningen|T: +31 (0)50 595 4640 |M: +31 (0)6 510 67 674 | E: [email protected] | W: www.hanzegroningen.eu / http://www.en-tran-ce.org/ Date project: 2017/05 – 2018/05 Date report: 2019-02-20 Page 1 of 65 Hanzehogeschool Groningen | Centre of Expertise - Energy | Agro-Cycle project This project is made possible by: Hanzehogeschool Groningen | Centre of Expertise - Energy | Agro-Cycle project INHOUDSOPGAVE 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Anaerobic Digestion ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Research plan..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. APPROUCH IN THIS REPORT .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1. System boundaries .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Steps performed within the analysis ....................................................................................................................... 6 3. STEP 1: INTERVIEWS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11 4. STEP 2: SYSTEM DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................................ 13 4.1. Introduction on Anaerobic Digestion ................................................................................................................... 13 4.2. AD System used ............................................................................................................................................................. 13 4.3. Analysis of technologies ............................................................................................................................................. 14 5. STEP 3: BIOMASS AVAILABILITY ................................................................................................................................................ 23 6. STEP 4: PLANET (BioGas Simulator) ......................................................................................................................................... 25 6.1. Reference AD system ................................................................................................................................................... 25 6.2. Environmental impacts upgrading biogas and digestate ............................................................................ 26 6.3. Case study for AD within agriculture ................................................................................................................... 31 6.4. Conclusion step 4 .......................................................................................................................................................... 35 7. STEP 5: BUISINESS CASE SCENARIOS (Biogas Business Case Model) ....................................................................... 37 8. STEP 6: Feedback session on business case ........................................................................................................................... 43 9. DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 45 10. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 47 Appendix I: kitchen table discussions ............................................................................................................................................................I Appendix II: Expressions of Planet used in this report ........................................................................................................................ VI Hanzehogeschool Groningen | Centre of Expertise - Energy | Agro-Cycle project 1. List of tables Fig. 2.1. System boundaries of biogas production and utilization, included aLCA ............................................................................................... 5 Fig. 2.2. Process flow measuring the sustainability of an (Renewable) Energy Production Pathway ........................................................ 6 Fig. 2.3. The main modules and sub-modules used in an example green gas production pathway............................................................. 6 Fig. 2.4. Determination of average biomass availability (Chapter 5) .......................................................................................................................... 7 Fig. 2.5. Structure of a single sub-module based on dynamic MFA / MEFA / LCA ............................................................................................... 8 Fig. 2.6. The main layout (MEFA) of the biogas production pathway in the EBS model.................................................................................... 9 Fig. 3.1. Feedback from farmers during kitchen table discussions ............................................................................................................................ 11 Fig. 4.1. The main process steps of an Anaerobic Digestion .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Fig. 4.2. Main green gas production pathway of the Normal scenario ..................................................................................................................... 14 Fig. 4.3a. Digester tank ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Fig. 4.3b. Chopper Feedstock Pump .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Fig. 4.3c. Stirrer inside digester tank ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 Table 4.1. Energy use of main main green gas production pathway of the Normal scenario ....................................................................... 14 Fig. 4.4. Biogas upgrading using pressure swing absorption [23].............................................................................................................................. 15 Fig. 4.5. Biogas upgrading using highly selective membranes [11] ........................................................................................................................... 16 Fig. 4.6. Biogas upgrading using pressurized water scrubbing [24] ......................................................................................................................... 16 Fig. 4.7. Biogas upgrading using a cryogenic separation process [25] ..................................................................................................................... 17 Table 4.2. Parameters for Upgrading Technologies [14] ................................................................................................................................................ 17 Table 4.3. Energy use of biogas upgrading technologies ................................................................................................................................................ 17 Fig. 4.8. Screw Press Separator [23] .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Fig. 4.9. Decanter Centrifuge [24] ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Fig. 4.10. Belt Press Separator [25] ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Table 4.4. Digestion separation technologies ......................................................................................................................................................................