PROTECTED REPORTING PRACTICES 2020 DATA SETTING AND ANALYSIS REPORT TRAINING ON PROTECTED REPORTING SYSTEMS FOR PROFESSIONAL AND GRASSROOTS SPORTS Work Package 3 - Intellectual Output 1 Report: Data setting and analysis on protected reporting practices Data setting elaboration, functional to introduce in a structured way the use of protected reporting systems in the anti-match fixing policies and actions of sport bodies and institutions 2 INDEX 1. Work Package 3 in T-PREG: Data-Setting and analysis on protected reporting practices for a structured use of protected reporting systems ............................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Work Package 3 Context ....................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Aim ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 1.3 Actions ................................................................................................................................................... 14 1.4 Report construction criterion ................................................................................................................ 15 1.5 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 16 2. Desk analysis of protected reporting mechanism in the sport sector ...................................................... 22 2.1 The importance of whistleblowing for match-fixing enforcement ....................................................... 22 2.2 The various existing systems of whistleblowing ................................................................................... 23 2.3 The problem of signalling protection .................................................................................................... 30 2.4 International Case Studies .................................................................................................................... 31 2.4.1 Australia ......................................................................................................................................... 31 2.4.2 Austria ............................................................................................................................................ 32 2.4.3 The Ombudsman in Austria ........................................................................................................... 33 2.4.4 Finland ........................................................................................................................................... 34 2.4.5 Germany ........................................................................................................................................ 35 2.4.6 The Ombudsman in Germany ........................................................................................................ 36 2.4.7 UK ................................................................................................................................................... 37 2.4.8 FIFA ................................................................................................................................................ 39 2.4.9 UEFA ............................................................................................................................................... 41 2.4.10 IOC................................................................................................................................................ 42 2.4.11 TIU ................................................................................................................................................ 43 3. Desk Analysis on legal framework and ongoing reporting system in .................................................. 46 T-PREG partners .............................................................................................................................................. 46 3.1 Focus: an organizational best practice. The Italian public-private reporting system ....................... 50 3.1.1 UISS ................................................................................................................................................ 51 3.1.2 GISS ................................................................................................................................................ 51 3.2 Focus: studying visualization, access and information of reporting systems ................................... 53 3.2.1 The CSD website ............................................................................................................................ 53 3.2.2 The RFEF website ........................................................................................................................... 54 3.2.3 The RFAF website ........................................................................................................................... 57 3 3.2.4 LaLiga website ................................................................................................................................ 59 4. T-PREG partner countries: quantitative and/or qualitative data collection process ............................... 63 4.1 Italian report ..................................................................................................................................... 63 4.1.1 Evidences and information from previous projects ...................................................................... 63 4.1.2 Desk research on Italian legal framework ..................................................................................... 70 4.1.3 Implementation of qualitative data collection .............................................................................. 73 4.2 Spanish report ................................................................................................................................... 78 4.2.1 Legal status of reporting systems in Europe and Spain ................................................................. 78 4.2.2 Legal status of reporting systems on sport and specially on football ........................................... 80 4.2.3 Research and field work: data collection ....................................................................................... 82 4.2.4 General key findings, conclusions of the data collection and recommendations ......................... 97 4.3 Portuguese report ........................................................................................................................... 111 4.3.1 Methodology................................................................................................................................ 111 4.3.2 Sampling....................................................................................................................................... 112 4.3.3 Findings ........................................................................................................................................ 113 4.4 Slovenian report.............................................................................................................................. 128 4.4.1 Scope of the research and methodology ..................................................................................... 128 4.4.2 Introduction and Background ...................................................................................................... 129 4.4.3 Results and Findings .................................................................................................................... 130 4.4.4 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 152 4.4.5 Summary of Findings ................................................................................................................... 154 4.4.6 Summary of Recommendations .................................................................................................. 154 4.5 Belgian report ................................................................................................................................. 156 4.5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 156 4.5.2 In-Depth Interviews with Stakeholders ....................................................................................... 157 4.5.3 Survey among Dutch-speaking football referees ........................................................................ 166 5. Quantitative-qualitative insights on the use and perception of match-fixing and protected reporting systems .......................................................................................................................................................... 174 5.1 Factors that lead to fix .................................................................................................................... 174 5.2 The importance of the presence of ethics in sport ......................................................................... 176 Box 1: The code of silence ......................................................................................................................... 176 5.3 To fix or not to fix: consequences and sense of impunity