Anatomy and Physiology: Page 1 of 31 Differing Abilities Anatomy and Physiology Supplementary Resources ► Handout 1: Male Reproductive System ► Handout 2: Male Anatomy Diagram ► Handout 3: Female Reproductive System ► Handout 4: Female Anatomy Diagram ► Handout 5: Reproductive Anatomy Word Search ► Handout 6: Males / Females / Both Checklist ► Cards 1: Male Anatomy Definitions ► Cards 2: Male Anatomy Terms ► Cards 3: Female Anatomy Definitions ► Cards 4: Female Anatomy Terms ► Overhead 1: Pregnancy ► Answer Key 1: Male Anatomy Diagram ► Answer Key 2: Female Anatomy Diagram ► Answer Key 3: Reproductive Anatomy Word Search Ensure that ground rules are established before starting your classes. For classes that have already established ground rules, quickly reviewing them can promote a successful lesson. ▼Experience Students will become familiar with appropriate terms for reproductive anatomy and become more comfortable using such terminology within the classroom setting. Choose one or two of the following options that best suit the level of your students. Option 1. Establishing Landmarks 1. Get your students to feel for their hipbones. 2. Then get them to wiggle their bottoms on their seats. Let the students know that we are going to be talking body parts mainly from the hipbones to the sitting bones. 3. Ask your students a. “Are you a female or a male?” b. How can you tell the difference between a male and a female? 4. Explain to your students that it is normal to be embarrassed about this sometimes, but we are in a safe place to discuss this. ©2011 www.teachingsexualhealth.ca Anatomy and Physiology: Page 2 of 31 Option 2. Three’s Company in the Body 1. Ask your students if they can name 10 parts of their body that are common to both males and females that are spelled with only 3 letters. 2. No slang (eg. Bum) or shortened words (eg. Lid is the short form for eyelid) are allowed. 3. A clue is that 5 parts are above the neck and 5 are below. Answer Key ≅ Lip ≅ Arm ≅ Gum ≅ Rib ≅ Eye ≅ Leg ≅ Ear ≅ Toe ≅ Jaw ≅ Hip Option 3. Language of Sex 1. Ask students to think of the real words for body parts that are not related to our reproductive systems (elbow, etc.). Ask them to raise their hands and share these words. Write each word on the board under the heading “Other Body Parts.” 2. Ask students to think of the real words for body parts related to our reproductive systems. Acknowledge that there are slang words, but for this activity we are trying to learn the correct terms. Ask them to raise their hands and share these words. Write each word on the board under the heading “Sexual Body Parts.” 3. Debrief using the following questions: a. How did it feel to say/hear the words on the first list (other body parts)? ≅ Comfortable, easy . b. How did it feel to say/hear the words on the second list (sexual body parts)? ≅ Embarrassed, comfortable, private, afraid someone will laugh. c. Why do we sometimes use slang words for body parts related to our reproductive system? ≅ To hide embarrassment. d. What are the benefits of using “proper” words (real words)? ≅ It is important to be able to understand what is happening to your body and to be able to ask questions if confused or worried. It also shows that we respect our bodies. ▼Information Students will be able to identify the basic parts of the male and female reproductive systems. Male and Female Reproductive Systems 1. Distribute Handouts 1 and 2: Male Reproductive System and Male Anatomy Diagram. 2. Ask students to label and color the diagram according to the instructions. You may choose to do this activity together with the students using an overhead of the Male Anatomy ©2011 www.teachingsexualhealth.ca Anatomy and Physiology: Page 3 of 31 Diagram and colored markers while student volunteers read from the handout Male Reproductive System. 3. Ask students to correct their diagram’s using Answer Key 1: Male Anatomy Diagram. It may be helpful to make this answer key into an overhead and display it during this step. 4. Repeat steps 1 – 3 using Handouts 3 and 4: Female Reproductive System and Female Anatomy Diagram and Answer Key 2: Female Anatomy Diagram. 5. Also show Overhead 1: Pregnancy so your students can understand where the baby grows. 6. Ask your students: Why is it important to use proper words for these parts? ▼Application The students will be able to use the appropriate terms for the reproductive anatomy. They will also be able to determine the difference between males and females. Choose one or two of the following options that best suit the level of your students. Option 1. Reproductive Anatomy Word Search 1. Have the students Handout 5: Reproductive Anatomy Word Search. 2. Correct the handout using Answer Key 3: Reproductive Anatomy Word Search. Adapted from: Choices and Changes, 2001 Option 2. The Difference Between Male and Female Parts 1. Ask your students: a. What are the main parts of the male reproductive system? b. What are the main parts of the female reproductive system? c. What reproductive parts do females have that are the same as the males? d. What is the big difference between the male and female body? ≅ Point out that females have 3 genital openings (anus, vaginal opening, and urinary opening), males only have 2. Discuss the purpose of these openings. Option 3. Public and Private Conversations 1. Reinforce Public and Private conversations when using words to describe the parts of the body. What words would you use if you were talking to a doctor? To a parent? To a friend? To a stranger? ©2011 www.teachingsexualhealth.ca Anatomy and Physiology: Page 4 of 31 ▼Action Students will be able to match the basic components of the male and female human reproductive system to it’s functions. Complete both of the following activities with your students. Male Anatomy Matching Game 1. Display Cards 1: Male Anatomy Definitions around the room. It may be best to laminate the cards for future use. 2. Divide students into two teams. 3. Distribute Cards 2: Male Anatomy Terms to each team. (Each set should be on a different color paper.) It may be best to laminate the cards for future use. 4. Have teams decide under which definition each word belongs and post the words on the appropriate poster. 5. Review each team’s responses referring to the definitions / guidelines below: Male Reproductive System Definitions for Teacher’s Use Penis ► The male external sex organ. ► Semen and urine are discharged from the penis. ► It is made up of spongy material that fills up with extra blood (becomes erect) when sexually aroused. ► There is no bone in the penis. ► The penis continues to grow as does the rest of the body. Size varies from person to person. Scrotum ► The sac that holds the testicles. ► The testicles have to be kept at a certain temperature just below body temperature in order to produce healthy sperm. The scrotum pulls the testicles closer to the body if it is cold and lowers away from the body if it is hot. Anus ► The opening at the end of the digestive tract where feces leaves the body. ► It is not part of the reproductive system, but is part of the digestive system. Testicles ► The male sex glands. ► They are held in the scrotum. ► They are on the outside of the body so that they can stay cooler than body temperature for healthy sperm production. ► It is normal for one to hang lower. ► This is a very sensitive area. It is important to protect the testicles during contact sports, etc. Vas Deferens ► This is a narrow tube that carries sperm from the testicles to the urethra. Seminal Vesicles ► Two small pouches behind the bladder that produce and store seminal fluid. ©2011 www.teachingsexualhealth.ca Anatomy and Physiology: Page 5 of 31 ► This fluid mixes with sperm and other fluid to produce semen. Urethra ► Urine and semen pass through this tube to the outside of the body. ► Urine and semen cannot come out at the same time. There are two branches to the urethra, one from the bladder and the other from the vas deferens. When the penis is ready to release semen, a valve blocks off the branch to the bladder so urine cannot escape. It is similar to the difference between swallowing and breathing. Air goes to the lungs and food or liquid goes to the stomach even though both substances pass through the esophagus. Bladder ► The sac that holds the urine produced by the kidney. ► It is not part of the reproductive system, but the urinary system. Sperm ► The male reproductive cell. ► These cells are very small (over 300 million in 5 ml of semen). ► Millions are made every day in the testicles. Female Anatomy Matching Game 1. Repeat steps 1 – 4 of the previous activity using Cards 3: Female Anatomy Definitions and Cards 4: Female Anatomy Terms. 2. Review each team’s responses referring to the definitions / guidelines below: Female Reproductive System Definitions for Teacher’s Use Urethra ► The tube through which urine passes from the body. ► It is the opening between the clitoris and the vagina. ► It is not part of the reproductive system, but the urinary system. Vagina ► The passageway leading from the uterus to the outside of the female body. ► Blood from the uterus passes through the vagina during menstruation. ► The baby passes from the uterus through the vagina during childbirth. ► It is not used for urination. The opening just above the vagina, the urethra, is used for this purpose.