National Bureau of Standards Library, M.W. Bldg APR 8 1965 ^ecknical ^iote 304 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TROPOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES WILHELM NUPEN mm U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards is a principal focal point in the Federal Government for assuring maximum application of the physical and engineering sciences to the advancement of technology in industry and commerce. Its responsibilities include development and maintenance of the national stand- ards of measurement, and the provisions of means for making measurements consistent with those standards; determination of physical constants and properties of materials; development of methods for testing materials, mechanisms, and structures, and making such tests as may be necessary, particu- larly for government agencies; cooperation in the establishment of standard practices for incorpora- tion in codes and specifications; advisory service to government agencies on scientific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; assistance to industry, business, and consumers in the development and acceptance of commercial standards and simplified trade practice recommendations; administration of programs in cooperation with United States business groups and standards organizations for the development of international standards of practice; and maintenance of a clearinghouse for the collection and dissemination of scientific, tech- nical, and engineering information. The scope of the Bureau's activities is suggested in the following listing of its four Institutes and their organizational units. Institute for Basic Standards. Electricity. Metrology. Heat. Radiation Physics. Mechanics. Ap- plied Mathematics. Atomic Physics. Physical Chemistry. Laboratory Astrophysics.* Radio Stand- ards Laboratory: Radio Standards Physics; Radio Standards Engineering.** Office of Standard Ref- erence Data. Institute for Materials Research. Analytical Chemistry. Polymers. Metallurgy. Inorganic Mate- rials. Reactor Radiations. Cryogenics.** Office of Standard Reference Materials. Central Radio Propagation Laboratory.** Ionosphere Research and Propagation. Troposphere and Space Telecommunications. Radio Systems. Upper Atmosphere and Space Physics. Institute for Applied Technology. Textiles and Apparel Technology Center. Building Research. Industrial Equipment. Information Technology. Performance Test Development. Instrumentation. Transport Systems. Office of Technical Services. Office of Weights and Measures. Office of Engineer- ing Standards. Office of Industrial Services. * NBS Group, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics at the University of Colorado. * * Located at Boulder, Colorado. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS Technical Note 304 ISSUED APRIL 1, 1965 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TROPOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES Wilhelm Nupen Central Radio Propagation Laboratory National Bureau of Standards Boulder, Colorado NBS Technical Notes are designed to supplement the Bu- reau's regular publications program. They provide a means for making available scientific data that are of transient or limited interest. Technical Notes may be listed or referred to in the open literature. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price $2.00 NOTE: Abstractors /Tropospheric radio wave propagation bibliography MGA Staff members: A. A ANDREW ASSUR R.B RONALD BAKER C.E.P.B C.E.P. BROOKS I.L. D IS ADORE L. DORDICK M.B. G M.B. GAVRISHEFF D. M. G DOROTHY M. GROPP P. A. K PAULINE A. KEEHN E. K ELEMER KISS H. P. K HARRIS P. KRAMER D. B. K DOV B. KRIMGOLD N. N NNDEM E. U, NNDEM S.N SYLVIA NOWINSKA W. N WILHELM NUPEN M. R MALCOLM RIGBY I.S ISMAIL SAAD E.Z.S EVELYN Z. SINHA O. T OTTO TABORSKY G. T GEZA THURONYI Others: H.T.D H.T.Dougherty R. M ROBERT Mc COLLUM R.S.Q R.S. QUIROS BRITISH INSTITUTE OF RADIO ENGINEERS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS N. T. G. NACHRICHTENTECHNISCHE GESELLSCHAFT WIRELESS ENGINEERS Library Symbols: DBS... .U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. DGS .. .. U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. DLC .. ..Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. DWB . .U.S. Weather Bureau, Suitland, Maryland DN-HO . .U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office, Suitland, Maryland CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Page i SUBJECT OUTLINE iii GEOGRAPHICAL OUTLINE xxxv BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TROPOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF RADIOWAVES AUTHOR INDEX 280 SUBJECT INDEX (alphabetized) 290 LIST OF JOURNALS 299 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TROPOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES INTRODUCTION This is the fifth in a series of bibliographies being prepared by the M&GA staff of the American Meteorological Society for the Boulder Laboratories of the National Bureau of Standards. The first four were: (1) Bibliography on Ionospheric Propagation of Radio Waves (1923- 1960). NBS Technical Note No. 84, Oct. 1960. (1404 items) (2) Bibliography on Meteoric Radio Wave Propagation. NBS Technical Note No. 94, May 1961. (368 items) (3) Bibliography on Auroral Radio Wave Propagation . NBS Technical Note No. 128, Jan. 1962. (297 items) (4) Bibliography on Atmospheric Aspects of Radio Astronomy . NBS Technical Note No. 171, May 1963. (1013 items) The present bibliography on Tropospheric Propagation of Radio Waves contains over a thousand abstracts or titles taken from the literature published between 1945 and 1964, incl. , but the bulk of the literature comes after 1955. The subject matter in this bibliography is confined to the effects of the Earth's atmosphere on radiofrequency radiation from 10 cps to 100,000 Mc. Obviously not all of the vast amount of current and past literature on tropospheric propagation is included in this compilation, yet in spite of this fact, and in spite of gaps in the coverage of the world's literature in this field, the selection of material has been quite rigorous. The following detailed subject outline shows the scope and the many facets of the material included herein. A geographical and an author index are also included. We wish to express appreciation for guidance given by the staff of the NBS Boulder Laboratories, particularly to Mr. Bradford R.Bean, for valuable assistance in determining the scope and content of this and previous bibliographies on radio propagation. We also wish to thank Mrs. Doris Nickey for patient labor in typing and correcting the master copies of these five bibliographies; to Mr. Geza Thuronyi and Elemer Kiss for abstracting a large number of recent items; to Mrs.Susanne Manovill for preparing the Geographic Outline; and to other members of the M&GA staff for their contributions. These bibliographies are available through the U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Technical Services, Washington 25, D.C. This publication, NBS Technical Note No. , is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Any comments, criticisms, corrections, additions, or material for future radio propagation bibliographies should be addressed to: Malcolm Rigby, Editor Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts P. O. Box 1736 Washington 13, D.C. - 20013 11 INDEX to the SUBJECT OUTLINE I. GENERAL WORKS, p. iii - iv 1. Textbooks, Manuals, Mono- 4. Data publications, p. iii graphs, p. iii 5. General reviews and surveys, p. iv 2. Scientific reports, Technical re- 6. Bibliographies, p. iv ports, Committee reports, Pro- 7. Conferences, symposia, p. iv ject reports, Research pro- 8. History, p. iv grams, p. iii 9. Nomenclature, p. iv 3. Theses, p. iii II. THEORIES, FORMULAS, MODELS, p. iv - viii 1. Theories, p. iv - vi 2. Formulas, p. vi - viii 3. Models, p. viii III. ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS, p. viii - xiii 1. Stratification, p. viii - ix 8. Storms, p. xi 2. Atmospheric factors, p. ix 9. Clouds, p. xi 3. Refractive index, p. ix - x 10. Atmospheric altitudes (tables in 4. Air masses, p. x - xi km, ft, mb), p. xii 5. Fronts, p. xi 11. Miscellaneous, p. xiii 6. Turbulence, p. xi 12. Ionosphere, p. xiii 7. Winds, p. xi IV. PHYSICO - CHEMICAL FACTORS AND PROCESSES, p. xiii 1. Scattering, p. xiii 7. Scintillation, p. xv 2. Reflection, p. xiv 8. Dielectrics, p. xv 3. Refraction, p. xiv 9. Surface conductivity, p. xv 4. Diffraction, p. xiv 10. Ionization, p. xv 5. Absorption, p. xiv 11. Miscellaneous, p. xv 6. Attenuation, p. xv V. WAVE CHARACTERISTICS, p. xvi - xxii 1. Frequency bands (EHF.SHF, UHF, 3. Wavelength (mm, cm, m, km), p. xix - xx VHF, HF, MF.LF, VLF, ELF, etc. ), 4. Propagation modes, p. xx - xxi p. xvi 5. Fading, p. xxi 2. KMc/s (GC/s), Mc/s, Kc/s, 6. Echoes, p. xxi and Cps, p. xvii - xix 7. Miscellaneous waves, p. xxi - xxii VI. RADIO COMMUNICATION, p. xxii - xxvii 1. Experimental transmission, p. xxii 5. Terrestrial effects, p. xxiii • xxiv 2. Transmission losses, p. xxii 6. Miscellaneous, p. xxiv 3. Forecasting conditions for radio 7. Reception, Field strength, p. xxiv - xxv communication, p. xxii - xxiii 8. Radio communication paths, p. xxv - 4. Effects on radio communica- 9. Path lengths (Mi, Ft, Km) , p. xxvi xxvii tion, p. xxiii VII. INSTRUMENTS, EQUIPMENT, DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS, p. xxvii - xxx 1. Antenna types, p. xxvii 4. System design considerations, p. xxviii 2. Antenna characteristics, p. xxviii 5. Miscellaneous instruments, p. xxviii 3. System reliabilities, p. xxviii VIII. TECHNIQUES AND METHODS, THEORETICAL AND APPLIED, p. xxx - xxxiv Ill SUBJECT OUTLINE I. GENERAL WORKS 1. Textbooks, E-71, 143, 161, 168, 181, 436, 449, 575, 597, 676, 687, 693, 699, 710, 769, 784, 880, 1095 Manuals,