POLISH PUBLICOPINION Solid and Professional 4/2021 ISSN 2083-1714 CONTENTS Silesian uprisings in the collective memory On the night of May 2 1921, the Third Silesian Uprising broke out, which ended a Silesian uprisings series of national uprisings in Upper Silesia and led to the annexation of its part to in the collective memory Poland. The knowledge of Poles about the basic facts about the Silesian uprisings is small. One hundred years after the fights of the Silesian insurgents, Attitude 69% of Poles have heard about their struggles (20% declare that they have heard a lot about them), while almost towards vaccination Do you remember the names of the leaders one-third (31%) have never of the Silesian uprisings or people who against COVID-19 heard of them. Of those who contributed to the fact that after World War I heard about the uprisings, most parts of Upper Silesia became a part of Poland? Modernization of energy were unable to locate them in Responses from people who have heard about the Silesian uprisings. installations: needs time (69%) or give the names of and plans their leaders (78%). The person Wojciech Korfanty 20% most associated with the Alfons Zgrzebniok 3% Evaluation Silesian uprisings is the leader of the third, the victorious one - Other names 4% of the financial situation Wojciech Korfanty (his name I don't remember, 78% of Poles after a year was spontaneously mentioned I don't know of the pandemic by 20% of those who had heard about the uprisings). Few (3%) indicated Alfons Zgrzebniok, the leader of the first two uprisings. What are your primary sources of knowledge The knowledge of Poles IN ADDITION about the Silesian uprisings? Responses of people about the Silesian uprisings who have heard about the Silesian uprisings. TO THE REPORTS REFERRED T O ABOVE, comes mainly from school THE FOLLOWING HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED School 53% lessons (52%), radio and RECENTLY (IN POLISH): Radio or television 34% television (34%), books Books 34% (34%), the Internet (28%) and · Smog and How to Deal with It f i l m s ( 1 9 % ) . P e r s o n a l Internet 28% · Social Moods in the First Quarter conversations with the family Films 19% are a source of knowledge for · Political Scene – Identifications, Electoral Newspapers 8% 7% of all respondents who Alternatives and Negative Electorates Anniversary celebrations 8% h a v e h e a r d a b o u t t h e Conversations 7% · Political Party Preferences in April with other people uprisings, including 17% of Family conversations 7% those who have lived in · Fear of Coronavirus and Evaluation Upper Silesia, and 62% of Other sources 3% of Government Actions in April those who had a Silesian Don't know 1% · Opinions about Parliament and President insurgent in their family. Almost half of people who For whom are the Silesian uprisings important · Trust in Politicians in April have heard about the today? Responses of people who have heard about the Silesian uprisings. · Moods on the Job Market in April Silesian uprisings believe For people that these e vents are of the older Don't For all Poles generation know · Attitude to Government in April important to all Poles today. T h e v a s t m a j o r i t y o f 45% 23% 12% 14% 6% · Social Moods in April respondents believe that For Silesians The Silesian uprisings are of little interest they should be a reason to to anyone today be proud for both Silesians (84%) and the general Polish slowly but steadily. Currently, 65% of adult Poles have a society (81%). positive attitude towards vaccination against COVID-19 compared to 36% in November and 57% in January. Over the past century, there have been voices calling for a change in the status of Upper Silesia and granting it Would you like to be vaccinated against COVID-19? % greater autonomy within the Polish state. Half of all XI 2020 16 20 20 27 17 respondents do not have a clear opinion on the I 2021 1 33 23 14 16 13 contemporary demands to increase the autonomy of this II 2021 3 34 21 15 18 9 region. Among the remaining, opposition (39%) clearly III 2021 7 35 20 14 18 6 outweighs the approval (10%). People who have personal IV 2021 21 27 17 13 17 5 ties with Upper Silesia (have lived in this region or had a I have already been Definitely Rather Rather Definitely Don't Silesian insurgent in their family) are three times more vaccinated would would not not know likely to advocate autonomy for the region. For the majority of people declaring their intention to get Some organizations, such as the Silesian Autonomy vaccinated, it is important which vaccine they would Movement, call for increasing the political autonomy of receive (61%). Upper Silesia. What is your attitude towards this demand? Does it matter to you which vaccine you would be Moderately disagree vaccinated with? Responses of people declaring their 19% Neither agree nor disagree willingness to be vaccinated. 22% 20% Strongly disagree Moderately agree 8% 61% It matters It doesn't matter 34% Strongly agree 2% 29% Don't know 5% Don't know More information about this topic can be found in CBOS report in Respondents declaring their intention to vaccinate would Polish: “Silesian Uprisings in Collective Memory", April 2021. Fieldwork be more inclined to receive mRNA-based, rather than the for national sample: March 2021, N=1154. The random sample is representative for adult population of Poland. vector vaccines. They would prefer the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (70%), and secondly (much less commonly) Moderna (28%). The third choice would be the single-dose Attitude towards vaccination Janssen vaccine (Johnson & Johnson, 16%), while against COVID-19 relatively few would choose AstraZeneca (5%). More information about this topic can be found in CBOS report in The April declarations show that one-fifth of Poles (21%) Polish: “Attitude to COVID-19 Vaccinations and Assessment of Their Organization", April 2021. Fieldwork for national sample: April 2021, have already been vaccinated against COVID-19 with at N=1131. The random sample is representative for adult population of least one dose, and over two-fifths (44%) would like to be Poland. vaccinated. Three out of ten (30%) do not express such an intention, and only a few do not have a precise opinion on this matter (5%). Compared to the March measurement, Modernization of energy the number of the vaccinated has increased significantly, installations: needs and plans and the proportion declaring their intention to vaccinate has decreased. There is also a small decrease in the Recently, activities aimed at counteracting smog have number of people who do not intend to vaccinate. been intensified in Poland, including its main cause, i.e. Taking into account the total of those declaring their emissions from households caused by the use of low- intention to vaccinate and those already vaccinated as quality fuels and ineffective heating installations. The EU showing a positive attitude towards vaccinations, it is CAFE directive (Clean Air for Europe) obliges the Member clear that in the last six months the attitude towards States to ensure adequate air quality. The problem of vaccinations has improved significantly. There was a smog is also increasingly noticed by citizens and local significant improvement in the period from November communities. Local governments introduce restrictions 2020 to January 2021, with the start of vaccination and and bans on the operation of heating installations and numerous information and vaccination campaigns. In the types of fuels. Replacement of heating installations and months that followed, and especially during the third other modernization projects (e.g. building insulation) are wave of the epidemic, this attitude continued to improve supported by various financial instruments, of which the 2 Clean Air program is currently the most popular. From boilers are used: it is declared by a total of 27% of 2019, owners of single-family houses can also use the tax respondents whose houses are heated with coal. This break. Financial incentives in the form of subsidies, low- applies to the greatest extent to older type of boilers, interest loans and tax relief are also used to develop which are fired with ordinary coal, sludge, fine coal, etc.: microgeneration of energy from renewable energy 36% of users claim it is their intention to modernize their sources. heating. However, a change of the heating system is also planned by 14% of users of newer type of boilers, although Declarations of respondents show that the process of modernization of heating installations in households is nearly half (47%) declare that the heating system in their progressing quite dynamically, although coal boilers are home has already been replaced. People who use their still the most commonly used. Over the past three years own gas, oil or electric heating (10%) or otherwise heat (March 2018 to March 2021), the percentage of their home (8%) less often plan to modernize their heating respondents using coal-fired stoves and boilers to heat system in the near future. In case of these groups, more their homes or apartments has decreased by 9 percentage than two fifths (41% and 44% respectively) claim that the points, from 59% to 50%. During this time, the number of heating system in their home has already been people using their own gas, oil or electric heating modernized. increased significantly from 19% to 25%. There was also a Plans for the modernization of the heating system are slight increase in the percentage of people using the quite frequent and, if implemented, the percentage of municipal or local (e.g.