113 OPEN ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND DATA. EUROPEAN UNION’S EFFORTS THROUGH OPENAIRE AND OPENAIREPLUS FP7 PROJECTS: CYPRIOT PARTICIPATION F.Ch. Tsimpoglou a, V.V. Koukounidou* a, L.A. Prokopiou a a University of Cyprus Library, 75 Kallipoleos Str. P.O. Box 20537 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus (tsimpoglou.filippos, sylviek, prokopiou.louis)@ucy.ac.cy KEY WORDS: Open access, OpenAIRE, OpenAIREplus, Scientific results, Data, EU, Seventh (7th) Framework Programme, European projects, Repositories, Cultural Heritage, Europeana, Public Sector Information (PSI) directive, Orphan works directive, European Commision ABSTRACT: The paper presents the introduction of Open Access movement in the Academic environment,pros and cons of the adoption of OA by Universities and how the European Union is enforcing the use of Open Access. The ways of implementing OA, the policies of publishers and journals regarding the deposits of publications and the RoMEO and Juliet projects are also referred in an effort to give an overview of the conditions in exploiting Open Access, either as authors, publishers or end users. The adoption of the Berlin declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities by the Senate of the University of Cyprus is commented in the paper. Furthermore an analysis of the projects OpenAIRE and OpenAIREplus in which the University of Cyprus Library is involved is provided. 1. OPEN ACCESS their e-journals to library-friendly organizations (F). 1.1 The way to Open Access – a short overview - Encourage colleagues to consider and to discuss these or other options (F). The pricing of journals over the last few decades has been leading to a decline in the availability of academic research - Sign contracts that unbundle subscriptions and concentrate on results. Academia reached the level where even the affluent higher-use journals (L). research institutions cannot afford access to the full range of research literature (Suber). Enforcing this statement we can see - Move journals to a sustainable pay per use system, (L). the recent movement of the Harvard Faculty Advisory Council to the Library, representing university faculty in all schools and th - Insist on subscription contracts in which the terms can be in consultation with the Harvard Library leadership on the 17 made public (L). of April 2012, reaching the following conclusion: “major periodical subscriptions, especially to electronic journals This is a movement we can see been followed by many published by historically key providers, cannot be sustained: institutions that cannot afford or just disagree with the policies continuing these subscriptions on their current footing is and prices of the journal providers. financially untenable. Doing so would seriously erode collection efforts in many other areas, already compromised”. 1.2. Defining Open Access The announcement closes with the encouragement to the faculty and students (F) and the Library (L) as follows: European Commission defines “Open access”, as free access over the internet, which aims to improve and promote the - Make sure that all of your own papers are accessible by dissemination of knowledge, thereby improving the efficiency submitting them to DASH in accordance with the faculty- of scientific discovery and maximising return on investment in initiated open-access policies (F). R&D by public research funding bodies**. Peter Suber defines open access as the digital, online, free of - Consider submitting articles to open-access journals, or to charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions ones that have reasonable, sustainable subscription costs; move method of having access to scientific topics. What makes it prestige to open access (F). possible is the internet and the consent of the author or copyright-holder (Suber). - If on the editorial board of a journal involved, determine if it can be published as open access material, or independently OA was physically and economically impossible in the age of from publishers that practice pricing described above. If not, print, even if the copyright holder wanted it. Prices were not consider resigning (F). only unavoidable for print journals; they were even affordable until the 1970's, when they began to rise faster than inflation. - Contact professional organizations to raise these issues (F). ** European commission – European research area open access pilot in - Encourage professional associations to take control of FP7 http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/open_access scholarly literature in their field or shift the management of 114 Progress in Cultural Heritage Preservation – EUROMED 2012 Journal subscription prices have risen nearly four times faster indicating level of author rights. Finaly RoMEO shows which than inflation since 1986 (Kyrillidou, 2004). publishers’ comply with funding agencies’ conditions. As a way to complement RoMEO service SHERPA provides JULIET which lists summaries of publishers' copyright transfer agreements as they relate to archiving. Further information on Open Access is available for authors, including links to contacts and repositories which may be able to take eprints to fulfill funders' requirements and recommendations. 1.4. European Union’s view In the mid of the previous decade the European Commission funded a “Study on the economic and technical evolution of the scientific publication markets in Europe” in order to define the situation and formulate an appropriate strategy (Dewatripont 2006). One of the European Union’s visions is the one stated by the Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science, Máire Geoghegan-Quinn: “We need a European Research Area that is interconnected, structured, mobile and efficient; a unified research area that brings together people and ideas in a way that catalyses science and world-leading innovation. Open access can help make this vision become a reality”. In August 2008, the European Commission launched the 'Open Access Pilot in the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), intended to provide researchers and other interested members of the public with improved online access to EU-funded research results. The pilot aims to permit easy and free access to scientific information, in particular peer-reviewed scientific articles Figure 1. Monograph and serial costs in ARL Libraries, 1986 - published in journals. Articles covered by the pilot will become 2003 (Kyrillidou, 2004) accessible after an embargo period of 6 or 12 months, depending on the FP7 area. Fortuitously, just as journal prices were becoming unbearable, The difference in embargo periods in Open Access (6 months the internet emerged to offer an alternative (Suber). This or 12 months) is explained by the fact that research findings are alternative was named Open access considered 'new', and therefore have an economic value for different periods of time depending on the scientific discipline. 1.3. Publisher and journal policies The length of time after which the research results of rapidly changing disciplines (e.g. ICT) become out of date is relatively Open access can be provided in two ways: shorter than in the case of, for example, research results in the The Green route where the author can self-archive at the time social sciences, which remain valid for a longer period. This of submission of the publication, whether the publication is model is in keeping with approaches developed by other grey literature (usually internal non-peer-reviewed), a peer- reviewed journal publication, a peer-reviewed conference funding bodies (the Commission's pilot is only one of many proceedings paper or a monograph and the Gold route where initiatives underway in Europe and beyond, such as the author or author institution can pay a fee to the publisher at WELCOME Trust). publication time and the publisher thereafter will make the material available 'free' at the point of access. 1.4.1. EU funded projects The two are not, of course, incompatible and can co-exist EU has several funded projects for implementing and/or (Jeffery, 2006). supporting Open Access, such as: Publishers provide specific policies regarding how authors can deposit their own publications. These policies are concentrated ACUMEN (Academic Careers Understood through † and can be found in RoMEO (a searchable database of Measurement and Norms) publisher's policies regarding the self- archiving of journal APARSEN (Metadata for preservation, curation and articles on the web and in Open Access repositories). interoperability) Researchers or academic community can use RoMEO to find BELIEF II (To Promote the Efficient and Effective out whether the publishers’ copyright rules allow them to Communication of Results, Networking and Knowledge among deposit in their institutional repository. It summarizes EU e-Infrastructure Projects and their Users) publishers’ conditions and categorizes publishers by colours, CESSDA (Council of European Social Science Data Archives) CLARIN (Common language resources and technology infrastructure) ***The RoMEO Project (Rights MEtadata for Open archiving) COMMUNIA (Thematic Network on the Public Domain in the was funded by the Joint Information Systems Committee for Digital Environment) one year (1 August 2002 - 31 July 2003) to investigate the DARIAH (Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts & rights issues surrounding the 'self-archiving' of research in Humanities) the UK academic community under the Open Archive DRIVER II (Digital Repository Infrastructure Vision for Initiative's Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. European