Volume 15 • APA I • 2003 Journal of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association CONTENTS REFEREED 5 Introduction to the Special Issues on Access and Participatory Approaches in Using Geographic Information Harlan J. Onsrud and Max Craglia, Co-Editors 9 Toward a Framework for Research on Geographic Information-Supported Participatory Decision-Making Piotr Jankowski and Timothy Nyerges 19 In Search of Rigorous Models for Policy-oriented Research: A Behavioral Approach to Spatial Data Sharing Uta Wehn de Montalvo 29 Cultural and Institutional Conditions for Using Geographic Information; Access and Participation W.H. Erik de Man 35 A New Era of Accessibility? Sarah Niles and Susan Hanson 43 World Status of National Spatial Data Clearinghouses Joep Crompvoets and Arnold Bregt 51 Access to Geographic Information: A European Perspective Max Craglia and Ian Masser 61 The Future of Participatory Approaches Using Geographic Information: developing a research agenda for the 21st Century Steve Carver 73 Transparency – Considerations for PPGIS Research and Development Christina H. Drew Journal Publisher: Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Editor-in-Chief: Stephen J. Ventura Journal Coordinator: Scott A. Grams Electronic Journal: http://www.urisa.org/journal.htm EDITORIAL OFFICE: Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, 1460 Renaissance Drive, Suite 305, Park Ridge, Illinois 60068- 1348; Voice (847) 824-6300; Fax (847) 824-6363; E-mail [email protected]. SUBMISSIONS: This publication accepts from authors an exclusive right of first publication to their article plus an accompanying grant of non- exclusive full rights. The publisher requires that full credit for first publication in the URISA Journal is provided in any subsequent electronic or print publications. For more information, the “Manuscript Submission Guidelines for Refereed Articles” is available on our website, www.urisa.org, or by calling (847) 824-6300. SUBSCRIPTION AND ADVERTISING: All correspondence about advertising, subscriptions, and URISA memberships should be directed to: Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, 1460 Renaissance Dr., Suite 305, Park Ridge, Illinois, 60068-1348; Voice (847) 824-6300; Fax (847) 824-6363; E-mail [email protected]. URISA Journal is published four times a year by the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association. © 2003 by the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by permission of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association. Educational programs planned and presented by URISA provide attendees with relevant and rewarding continuing education experience. How- ever, neither the content (whether written or oral) of any course, seminar, or other presentation, nor the use of a specific product in conjunction therewith, nor the exhibition of any materials by any party coincident with the educational event, should be construed as indicating endorsement or approval of the views presented, the products used, or the materials exhibited by URISA, or by its committees, Special Interest Groups, Chapters, or other commissions. SUBSCRIPTION RATE: One year: $295 business, libraries, government agencies, and public institutions. Individuals interested in subscriptions should contact URISA for membership information. US ISSN 1045-8077 2 URISA Journal • Vol. 15, APA I • 2003 URISA Journal • Vol. 15, APA I • 2003 3 EDITORS AND REVIEW BOARD Francis J. Harvey, Department of Geography, URISA Journal Editor Article Review Board University of Minnesota Kingsley E. Haynes, Public Policy and Editor-in-Chief Geography, George Mason University Peggy Agouris, Department of Spatial Stephen J. Ventura, Department of Information Science and Engineering, University Eric J. Heikkila, School of Policy, Planning, and Environmental Studies and Soil Science, of Maine Development, University of Southern California University of Wisconsin-Madison Stephen C. Hirtle, Department of Information Michael Batty, Centre for Advanced Spatial Science and Telecommunications, University of Analysis, University College London (United Pittsburgh Kingdom) Thematic Editors Dr. Gary Jeffress, Department of Geographic Kate Beard, Department of Spatial Information Science and Engineering, Information Science, Texas A&M University- Editor-Urban and Regional Information Corpus Christi Science University of Maine Richard E. Klosterman, Department of Lewis Hopkins, Department of Planning, Yvan Bédard, Centre for Research in Geomatics, Geography and Planning, University of Akron University of Illinois-Champaign/Urbana Laval University (Canada) Robert Laurini, Claude Bernard University of Editor-Applications Research Barbara P. Buttenfield,Department of Lyon (France) Lyna Wiggins, Department of Planning, Geography, University of Colorado Rutgers University Thomas M. Lillesand, Environmental Keith C. Clarke, Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Center, University of Editor-Social, Organizational, Legal, University of California-Santa Barbara Wisconsin-Madison and Economic Sciences David Coleman, Department of Geodesy and Paul Longley, Ian Masser, Department of Urban Planning Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Geomatics Engineering, University of New and Management, ITC (Netherlands) University College, London (United Kingdom) Brunswick (Canada) Xavier R. Lopez, Oracle Corporation Editor-Geographic Information Science David J. Cowen, Department of Geography, Mark Harrower, Department of Geography, David Maguire, Environmental Systems Research University of South Carolina University of Wisconsin Madison Institute Massimo Craglia, Department of Town & Editor-Information and Media Sciences John McLaughlin, Research and International Regional Planning, University of Sheffield Michael Shiffer, Department of Planning, Cooperation, University of New Brunswick (Canada) (United Kingdom) Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvey J. Miller, Department of Geography, William J. Craig, Center for Urban and University of Utah Editor-Spatial Data Acquisition and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota Integration Joel L. Morrison, Center for Mapping, Ohio Gary Hunter, Department of Geomatics, Robert G. Cromley, Department of Geography, State University University of Melbourne (Australia) University of Connecticut Atsuyuki Okabe, Department of Urban Editor-Geography, Cartography, and Kenneth J. Dueker, Urban Studies and Engineering, University of Tokyo (Japan) Cognitive Science Planning, Portland State University Jeffrey K. Pinto, School of Business, Penn State Erie David Mark, Department of Geography, Geoffrey Dutton, Spatial Effects Gerard Rushton, Department of Geography, SUNY-Buffalo University of Iowa Max J. Egenhofer, Department of Spatial Editor-Education Information Science and Engineering, University Jie Shan, School of Civil Engineering, Karen Kemp, Department of Geography, of Maine Purdue University University of California-Berkeley Bruce D. Spear, Federal Highway Administration Manfred Ehlers, Geoinformatics and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Vechta Jonathan Sperling, Policy Development & (Germany) Research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Section Editors Manfred M. Fischer, Economics, Geography & Geoinformatics, Vienna University of David J. Unwin, School of Geography, Birkbeck Software Review Editor Economics and Business Administration College, London (United Kingdom) Jay Lee, Department of Geography, Kent State (Austria) Stephen J. Ventura, Environmental Studies and Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison University Myke Gluck, Department of Math and Book Review Editor Computer Science, Virginia Military Institute Nancy von Meyer, Fairview Industries Rebecca Somers, Somers-St. Clair Michael Goodchild, Department of Geography, Barry Wellar, Department of Geography, Literature Review Editor University of California-Santa Barbara University of Ottawa (Canada) Michael F. Worboys, Department of Computer Zorica Nedovic, Department of Urban and Michael Gould, Department of Science, Science, Keele University (United Kingdom) Regional Planning,University of Illinois- Experimentales Universitat (Spain) Champaign/Urbana Benjamin Zhan, Department of Geography, Daniel A. Griffith,Department of Geography, Southwest Texas State University Syracuse University 2 URISA Journal • Vol. 15, APA I • 2003 URISA Journal • Vol. 15, APA I • 2003 3 URISA Journal • Vol. 15, APA I • 2003 5 Introduction to the Special Issues on Access and Participatory Approaches in Using Geographic Information Harlan J. Onsrud and Max Craglia, Co-Editors Access issues and participatory approaches in using geographic The second primary research theme focuses on access as a information have been persistent and growing areas of research basis of wealth and power in society and addresses societal issues focus across the globe over the past decade. The proliferation of such as equity, ownership, and control. Those active in this re- spatial technologies, growth of geographic databases, pervasive search domain argue that the foundations of legal rights of citizens use of the web, and expanding use of mobile communication and scientists to access information are being undermined as we networks are providing exciting opportunities for increasing move into networked digital data environments. Thus, research- personal access to virtual and physical resources and enabling ers focused in this arena believe it