PART 1: RURAL ROAD MASTER PLANNIN G IN AMURU AND NWOYA DISTRICTS SECTION 2: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR AMURU AND NWOYA DISTRICTS Project for Rural Road Network Planning in Northern Uganda Final Report Vol.2: Main Report 3. PRESENT SITUATION OF AMURU AND NWOYA DISTRICTS 3.1 Natural Conditions (1) Location Amuru and Nwoya Districts are located in northern Uganda. These districts are bordered by Sudan in the north and eight Ugandan Districts on the other sides (Gulu, Lamwo, Adjumani, Arua, Nebbi, Bulisa, Masindi and Oyam). (2) Land Area The total land area of Amuru and Nwoya Districts is about 9,022 sq. km which is 3.7 % of that of Uganda. It is relatively difficult for the local government to administer this vast area of the district. (3) Rivers The Albert Nile flows along the western border of these districts and the Victoria Nile flows along their southern borders as shown in Figure 3.1.2. Within Amuru and Nwoya Districts, there are six major rivers, namely the Unyama River, the Ayugi River, the Omee River, the Aswa River, Tangi River and the Ayago River. These rivers are major obstacles to movement of people and goods, especially during the rainy season. (4) Altitude The altitude ranges between 600 and 1,200 m above sea level. The altitude of the south- western area that is a part of Western Rift Valley is relatively low and ranges between 600 and 800 m above sea level. Many wild animals live near the Albert Nile in the western part of Amuru and Nwoya Districts and near the Victoria Nile in the southern part of Nwoya District because of a favourable climate. The Murchison Falls National Park is located in the southern part of Nwoya district. (5) Rainfall The climate of Amuru and Nwoya Districts is characterized by dry and rainy seasons. The rainy season in these districts is from April to October. However, the rainfall in Uganda, including northern Uganda, has been erratic since the early 1990s. The annual average rainfall in the last 15 years (1994 - 2009) was about 1,400 mm according to the Gulu meteorological station. During the rainy season, the average rainfall is 171 mm per month. 3-1 (6) Vegetation The vegetation in Amuru and Nwoya Districts is extensively represented by grassland savannah and woodland savannah. Grassland savannah covers 37% of the total land, woodland savannah covers 37% and bush covers 12%. Figure 3.1.3 shows the geographical distribution of the main vegetation types in Amuru and Nwoya Districts. Grassland savannah is predominant in the western part and northern part of these districts. Woodland savannah is more concentrated in the central and eastern parts of these districts. (mm/month) 250 200 150 100 50 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Source: Department of Meteorology, Ministry of Water and Environment Figure 3.1.1 Average Rainfall in Gulu 1980-2008 340000 390000 Metuli ! Elevation (Amuru & Nwoya) MetuAmua µ ! ! SUDAN Laufori ! Legend Dufile Old Dufile ! ! Koka Rumogi Baringa ! ! ! Umi National Road ! Lori Lire ! ! Kirila Onigo LAMWO ! District Road ! LAMWO Barakala Ogujebe ! ! Community Access Road Aranga Kali Poko ! ! ! Pachara National Boundaries ! Lomunga Adjugopi ! ! Yoyo Langi Gimara Zaipi ! District! Boundaries (NUDC,2010)! ! Tok a ru Pakelle Elevation (m) ! ! Karawal 370000 ! 370000 <= 800m Ceri ! Erezeli 800! - 1000 Lewa Okidi ! ! 1000Akpokoa - 1200 Atiak Ariwa Delu Obongi ! ! ! ! ! 1200- 1500Biria ! Olymnyungo ! > 1500m ADJUMANI Palukere ! Lakes/Rivers (UNOCHA,2005) Waka Main river! Imvenga ! Fundu ! Olinga Rigbo ! ! ! AMURU KaligoOdoi ! ! Onari Unyama Patiko ! ! ! Awach ! Pabbo Zoka ! ! ! AMURU PamvaraOyu Iramva ! ! ! Atiabar Oburduka ! Gurumu ! ! Otici Maro Awobi ! ! Pamin Lalwak Ogoko ! ! ! Tung Kidi ARUA Abario DISTRICT ! Parabongo Ogoko Ala Ober Abic ! ! ! ! Guru Guru ! Degiya ! 320000 Gira Gira 320000 Okungedi ! Mutema ! ! ! Omee ! GULU GULU Kaladima ! Awee Olwal ! ! Unyama ! Otwee Lalem Lamogi ! ! Amuru ! ! Keyo Pawor ! ! Oliavu Leb Ngec ! ! Coorom Pumit ! Kati Kati ! ! Mutir Adegmunu ! Langol ! ! Tem um Wadelai ! ! Koro ! Alero Pakwinyo ! Laminabili ! ! Ongako ! Ragem Kinene ! ! ! Lulyango ! Kalang Mwoya ! ! Teyago (Coorom) NWOYA ! Barogal Amar ! ! KochGoma Olobodagi Lodi Anaka ! Bobi ! Got Ngur ! ! Lutulu buc ! ! Wilacic ! Lamoki ! ! Paranga WiiAnaka ! ! DISTRICTOruka Lamin Omony Pokwero ! ! Latoro ! Goro(Orum) ! Lolim ! ! Aparanga NEBBI ! Lamin Latoo Oiwiyo ! NWOYA Purongo ! ! Tung Jubi Panyango ! Minakulu ! Okwir ! Panget Pacego ! ! ! Lagazi Atwomo Agung Kapita ! ! ! ! Lii Paila Gabi ! ! ! Pakwach Alwii Atar ! ! ! ! Minakulu Payongo Oyoro ! ! 270000 Paroketto 270000 ! Okwoto ! Aminomir ! Pajok II ! OYAM Boro Pamwa ! ! Amwa ! Nyakageyi Fajao Kamdini ! ! Karuma ! ! Kamdini ! OchiniJaber Aber ! ! MASINDI ! Kiyonga Kirama Kimoli Kasenyi ! !!! ! Bukindwa NdandamireKigwera 01020305 ! ! Kisansya Kibambura ! ! Kilometers Ruangi BULISA ! Kisiabi The Project for Rural Road Network PlanningMutunda ! ! Kigoya Bugana ! ! in Northern Uganda joel.cr [email protected] om.p h 340000 390000 Source: Compiled by JICA Study Team Figure 3.1.2 Topography of Amuru and Nwoya Districts 3-2 Project for Rural Road Network Planning in Northern Uganda Final Report Vol.2: Main Report 340000 390000 Metuli ! Land Use 2005 Amuru & Nwoya SUDAN µ MetuAmua ! ! Laufori ! MOYO Legend Dufile Old Dufile ! ! Koka Rumogi Baringa ! ! ! Land Cover 2005 (NFA) Umi ! Lori Lire ! ! Kirila Onigo !Broadleaved Tree Plantations ! Barakala YUMBE Ogujebe !Coniferous Plantations ! Aranga Kali Poko ! ! ! Pachara Tropical High Forest Well Stocked ! Lomunga Adjugopi ! ! Yo yo Langi Gimara Zaipi !Depleted! Tropical High! Forest ! Tok a ru Pakelle Woodland ! ! Karawal 370000 Bush ! 370000 Ceri ! Erezeli Grassland! Lewa Okidi ! ! Wetland Atiak AkpokoaAriwa Delu Obongi ! ! ! ! ! Subsistance Farmland ADJUMANI Biria ! Olymnyungo ! Commercial Farmland Palukere ! MARACHABuilt (NYADRI) up Areas Open WaterWaka ! Imvenga Impediments! Fundu ! Olinga National RoadRigbo ! ! ! AMURU KaligoOdoi ! ! District RoadOnari Unyama Patiko ! ! ! Awach ! Pabbo Zoka ! ! CommunityIramva Access Road ! ! ! ! Atiabar ARUA Oburduka ! ! ! Otici Maro Awobi ! ! Pamin Lalwak GurumuOgoko ! ! ! Tung Kidi Abario ! Parabongo Ober Abic ! Ogoko Ala ! ! ! Guru Guru ! Degiya ! 320000 Gira Gira 320000 Okungedi ! Mutema ! ! ! Omee ! Kaladima ! Awee Olwal ! ! Unyama ! Otwee Lalem Lamogi ! ! Amuru ! ! Keyo Pawor ! ! Oliavu Leb Ngec ! ! Coorom Pumit ! Kati Kati ! ! Mutir Adegmunu ! Langol ! ! Tem um Wadelai ! ! Koro ! Alero Pakwinyo ! Laminabili ! ! Ongako ! Ragem Kinene ! ! ! Lulyango ! Kalang Mwoya ! ! Tey a go ( Co or om) ! Barogal Amar ! ! KochGoma Olobodagi Lodi Anaka ! Bobi ! Got Ngur ! ! Lutulu buc ! ! Wilacic ! Lamoki ! ! Paranga WiiAnaka ! ! Oruka Pokwero ! Lamin Omony ! Latoro ! Goro(Orum) ! Lolim ! ! Aparanga ! Oiwiyo Lamin Latoo NWOYA Purongo ! ! NEBBI ! Tung Jubi Panyango ! Minakulu ! Okwir ! Panget Pacego ! ! ! Lagazi Atwomo Agung Kapita ! ! ! ! Lii Paila Gabi ! ! ! Pakwach Alwii Atar ! ! ! ! Minakulu Payongo Oyoro ! ! 270000 Paroketto 270000 ! Okwoto ! Aminomir ! Pajok II ! Boro Pamwa ! ! Amwa ! OYAM Nyakageyi Fajao Kamdini ! ! Karuma ! ! Kamdini ! OchiniJaber Aber ! ! ! Kiyonga Kirama Kimoli Kasenyi ! !!! ! Bukindwa MASINDI NdandamireKigwera 05 102030 ! ! Kisansya Kibambura ! BULIISA ! Kilometers Ruangi ! Kisiabi The Project for Rural Road Network PlanningMutunda ! ! Kigoya Bugana ! ! in Northern Uganda APAC jo el.cr uz@sr dp.c om.p h 340000 390000 Source: Compiled by JICA Study Team Figure 3.1.3 Vegetation in Amuru and Nwoya Districts 3-3 3.2 Local Government Administration Former Amuru District is a relatively new district, which was established by carving out Kilak County and Nwoya County from Gulu District in July 2006. After July 2010, former Kilak County became the new Amuru District, and former Nwoya County became the new Nwoya District. In Uganda, the local government is made up of five (5) levels of hierarchy, i.e. from LC5 to LC1 (see Figure 3.2.1). District (LC5) County (LC4) Sub-county (LC3) Parish (LC2) Village (LC1) Source: JICA Study Team Figure 3.2.1 Local Government Hierarchy The new Amuru District is composed of 5 lower local governments (4 sub-counties and 1 town council): they are, Amuru sub-county, Atiak sub-county, Lamogi sub-county, Pabbo sub- county, and Amuru town council. Nwoya District is composed of 4 lower local governments (4 sub-counties): they are, Alero sub-county, Anaka sub-county, Purongo sub-county, Koch Goma sub-county as shown in Table 3.2.1. Table 3.2.1 Number of Parishes and Villages by Sub-county in Amuru and Nwoya Districts District Sub-county Number of Parishes Number of Villages Amuru 6 12 Atiak 8 16 Amuru Lamogi 8 16 Pabbo 6 15 Total 28 59 Alero 6 12 Anaka 6 16 Nwoya Purongo 5 14 Koch Goma 6 13 Total 23 55 Source: UNHCR, 2009 The District Council is the highest decision-making body with fully-fledged legislative and executive powers. The District Chairperson, who is elected through universal adult suffrage, is the political head of the District. The Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), who is appointed by the District Service Commission (DSC), is the administrative head of the District, and is the chief accounting officer for the district. 3-4 Project for Rural Road Network Planning in Northern Uganda Final Report Vol.2: Main Report Although former Amuru District was a young government organization, the performance of the District Local Government was commendable, partly because many of the government administration staff of Amuru District were transferred from Gulu District, which has been relatively well