CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT, ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION IN ZIMBABWE CASE STUDIES FROM ZIMBABWE’S URBAN AND RURAL AREAS Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Zimbabwe Case Studies From Zimbabwe’s Urban and Rural Areas 2 Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung www.kas.de/simbabwe Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Zimbabwe Case Studies From Zimbabwe’s Urban and Rural Areas Copyright © 2021 Kefasi Nyikahadzoi and Lindah Mhlanga English editorial by Professor Zifi kile Makwavarara Edited by : Kefasi Nyikahadzoi and Lindah Mhlanga PUBLISHED BY 26 Sandringham Drive - Alexandra Park P.O. Box 4325 Harare, Zimbabwe [email protected] | +263 242 744602 DESIGN ILLUSTRATIONS & LAYOUT OnaDsgn [email protected] | www.onadsgn.com Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Zimbabwe Case Studies From Zimbabwe’s Urban and Rural Areas All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. i Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung www.kas.de/simbabwe Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Zimbabwe Case Studies From Zimbabwe’s Urban and Rural Areas Contributors Chapungu Lazarus is a PhD. holder and a Lecturer at the School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe. His research interests include climate change mitigation, impacts and responses, with a bias towards ecosystem responses to climate change. Chikodzi David is an Associate Professor and a Lecturer in the Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe. His research interests are in the application of GIS and remote sensing for the benefit of society, in particular the localisation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for sustainable development through community engagement. Chirisa Innocent is a Professor in the Department of Demography, Settlement and Development at the University of Zimbabwe. His research interests include social and political theory, environmental stewardship and planning, urban governments, urban and regional resilience. Chivhenge Emmerson has a MSc. in Forestry and is a Lecturer in the Department of Teacher Development, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe. His research interests are in climate change, forestry and GIS application in geography. Dahwa Everson holds a MSc. in Tropical Resource Ecology and is a Lecturer in the Department of Livestock, Wildlife and Fisheries at Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe. He works with rural communities to develop innovative products and services that promote livelihoods and his research interests are in wildlife, livestock-rangeland and landscape ecology. Fallot Abigail is a PhD. holder and researcher at CIRAD (French Centre of International Cooperation in Agricultural Research for Development), in the GREEN (Management of Renewable Resources and Environment) research unit Montpellier, France. Her research interests are in pluri and trans-disciplinary approaches for a shared understanding amongst scientists and stakeholders at the local level in the area of food diversity, soil fertility and public policy intervention. Kapembeza Clayton Simbarashe holds a MSc. in Tropical Resource Ecology and works as a Senior Research Officer at Grasslands Research Institute, Department of Research and Specialist Services, Marondera, Zimbabwe. His research interests are in livestock nutrition, rangeland ecology and entomology. Kupika Olga Laiza is a PhD. holder and Senior Lecturer at Chinhoyi University of Technology’s School of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe. Her research interests are in natural resources conservation, climate change governance and adaptation, ecosystem goods and services, green economy, ethnobiology, local communities and sustainable livelihoods, plant ecology and social ecology. www.kas.de/simbabwe Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung ii Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Zimbabwe Case Studies From Zimbabwe’s Urban and Rural Areas Mabaso Aaron has an MA in Environmental Policy and Planning and is a Lecturer in the Department of Rural and Urban Development at Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe. His research interests include urban sustainability and resilience, climate change response and application of geospatial tools in urban planning. Maswoswere Pure is a DPhil. student in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe. His main interest is to provide quality education that empowers all children for productive service locally and beyond. Mataruse Prosper Tonderai is a PhD. student in the Department of Community and Social Development at the University of Zimbabwe. His research interests are in institutional aspects of natural resource conservation, climate change impact, adaptation and mitigation and sustainable livelihoods. Matsa Mark Makomborero is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe, with research interests in climate change, environmental change and community development. His research focuses on farmer communities who are at the knife- edge of climate change induced hazards, shocks and stresses. Mazanhi Patience holds a BSc. Honours in Rural and Urban Planning from the University of Zimbabwe. Her research interests are in public health, planning and governance, environmental resources management and public policy analysis. Mhlanga Lindah is an Associate Professor based at the Environment, Climate and Sustainable Development Institute at the University of Zimbabwe. Her research interests are in water resources management, climate change, natural resources management and sustainable development. Moyo Elisha is a PhD. holder and a chartered meteorologist and researcher in the Ministry of Environment, Climate and Hospitality Industry’s Climate Change Management Department. He is passionate about science-policy interface and researches on Southern Africa rainfall systems, climate modelling and agriculture. Mubvuma Michael is a PhD. holder and an agronomist based at the Department of Soil and Plant Sciences at Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe. His areas of expertise include crop modelling, early warning systems development and agronomy of major field crops. He has worked extensively with farmers in various projects. Mudzengi Clarice Princess is a Lecturer at Garry Magadzire School of Agriculture, Department of Livestock, Wildlife and Fisheries, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe. She is studying towards a DPhil. in Spatial Ecology in the Department of Geography, Geospatial Sciences and Earth Observation at the University of Zimbabwe. Her research interests are multidisciplinary with a thrust of achieving resilience and sustainable rural livelihoods. iii Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung www.kas.de/simbabwe Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Zimbabwe Case Studies From Zimbabwe’s Urban and Rural Areas Mundau Mulwayini is a PhD. holder and a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zimbabwe. His research interests are in social development, climate change and livelihoods, poverty alleviation and community, family and child welfare issues. Museva Taona has a MA in Environmental Policy and Planning and is a Lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology at Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe. His research interests are in climate change response, ecosystems services and carbon mapping using GIS and remote sensing. Mutimukuru-Maravanyika Tendayi is a PhD. holder and a Lecturer in the Department of Soil and Plant Science, Garry Magadzire School of Agriculture, Great Zimbabwe University, M ed-natural resources management/participatory action research projects in forestry, fisheries and agriculture to deal with real life challenges faced by African rural communities. Mwera Petros holds a MSc. in Biodiversity Conservation. He is a national CAMPFIRE (Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources) coordinator for Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority. His research interests are in natural resource management with emphasis on the threat from climate change. Nyambiya Isaac has a PhD. in Green Chemistry and holds the position of Lecturer in the School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe. His research interests are in green chemistry and in mainstreaming health reform through research and advocacy. Nyamugadza Edwin is a graduate of Geographical Information Science and Earth Observation from the University of Zimbabwe. His research interests vary from GIS and remote sensing, urban ecological footprint, human settlement, spatiality mobility to natural resources management. Nyikahadzoi Kefasi is an Associate Professor based at the Environment, Climate and Sustainable Development Institute at the University of Zimbabwe. His research interests are in agricultural development, natural resources management and innovation systems. Sibanda Nobuhle is an MPhil. student in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe. She is a Graduate Teaching Assistant whose research interests are in the field of climate change, disaster management and sustainable development. Zingi Godwin has a MSc. in Environmental Policy and