Prof. George B. Dantzig Was 90 Prof. George B. Dantzig, the inventor of the a scientific method for optimally managing ground breaking Simplex Method for allocating resources. resources, died in Palo Alto on May 13 at age of 90 following a brief illness. The invention of the computer coincided with his research and became a signification George was the first to formulate the general coincidence. When it awarded Dantzig an linear programming problem and to investigate honorary doctorate in 1976, the University of its mathematical properties. This led him to Maryland issued a statement, writing “His invent the Simplex Method and to develop development of linear programming in 1947, algorithmic refinements that enabled its occurring almost simultaneously with the reduction to practice. These seminal development of the first computers, led to an contributions helped to create the field of explosion of economic, environmental, and mathematical optimization as one of the most statistical applications. As an example, the iron important domains of operations research. His and steel industry has used a Dantzig many other contributions to mathematical programming method to evaluate iron ores, modelling and optimization helped to lay the explore the additional of coke ovens, and groundwork for many to follow — both in select products. The Federal Energy applications and theory. He will be Administration is using his method to evaluate remembered with respect and admiration by all energy policy alternatives, and linear of us. programming has also been used or suggested for use to control water and air In recognition of his work, US President Gerald pollution…” R. Ford in 1975 presented Dantzig the nation’s highest science award, the National Medal of His work led to the growth of operations Science. He received numerous other awards, research in the 1950s. Operations research, as well, including what is now the INFORMS known as the “science of better,” is the John von Neumann Theory Prize. discipline of applying advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions. Dantzig’s vision of modelling economic systems became the most widely used Dantzig contributed to the development of technique of its kind for the efficient allocation many other areas of operations research, of resources in industry and government. including all major areas of mathematical Before Dantzig’s research, economists trying programming, quadratic programming, to “optimize” the way they assigned staff and complementary pivot theory, convex other resources had only disappointing programming, stochastic programming, and mathematical tools that fell short of game theory. Like a fictional character in the successfully solving real-world problems. film "Good Will Hunting," the young George Dantzig once solved a problem on a His contribution was the development in 1947 blackboard that had stumped veteran of linear programming. His formulation of linear mathematicians. programs as mathematical models for efficient allocation of resources and his development of As published in Washington Post on Thursday a unique algorithm – the Simplex Method – to May 19, 2005 Dantzig’s short biography is solve them was a seminal event in the presented below. development of mathematical programming as George B. Dantzig, 90, a mathematician who unsolved problems in statistics. "That was the devised a formula that revolutionized planning, first inkling I had that there was anything scheduling, network design and other complex special about them," Dr. Dantzig recalled. functions integral to modern-day business, industry and government, died May 13 at his From 1941 to 1946, he was the civilian head of home in Palo Alto, California. The cause of the combat analysis branch of the Air Force's death, according to his daughter, was Headquarters Statistical Control. His task was complications from diabetes and to find a way of managing "hundreds of cardiovascular disease. thousands of different kinds of material goods and perhaps fifty thousand specialties of George Bernard Dantzig was born in Portland, people," seemingly intractable problems that Ore., in 1914. His father, Tobias Dantzig, was spurred his search for a mathematical model a Russian mathematician who had gone to for what would become linear programming. Paris to study with Henri Poincare, the renowned French mathematician and He received his doctorate from Berkeley in philosopher of science. Tobias Dantzig married 1946 and returned to Washington, where he Anja Ourisson, a student at the Sorbonne who became a mathematical adviser at the also was studying mathematics, and the Defense Department, charged with couple immigrated to the United States. mechanizing the planning process. Based partly on his earlier work with aircraft supply In the early 1920s, the Dantzig family moved to flow, he worked out the simplex algorithm. Baltimore and then to Washington, where Anja Dantzig became a linguist at the Library of In 1952, he became a research mathematician Congress and her husband taught with the Rand Corp. and began implementing mathematics at the University of Maryland. linear programming on computers. In 1960, he Their son attended Powell Junior High School became a professor at Berkeley and chairman and Central High School, where he was of the Operations Research Center, and in fascinated by geometry. His father nurtured his 1966, professor of operations research and interest by challenging him with complex computer science at Stanford University. He geometry problems -- thousands of them. remained at Stanford until his retirement in the mid-1990s. Dr. Dantzig received his bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics from the University Survivors include his wife of 68 years, Anne of Maryland in 1936 and his master's degree in Dantzig of Palo Alto; three children, David mathematics from the University of Michigan in Dantzig of Cleveland, Paul Dantzig of New 1937. York and Jessica Klass of Berkeley; three grandchildren; and two great-grandchildren. Although he enjoyed statistics, abstract mathematics bored him. Abandoning His daughter noted that as an influential academia, he moved back to Washington in teacher for many years, her father had two 1937 and took a job with the Bureau of Labor families -- his own and the hundreds of Statistics. students who studied and worked with him throughout his long career. In 1939, he resumed his studies at the University of California at Berkeley, studying He won numerous awards for his statistics under mathematician Jerzy Neyman. groundbreaking work, including the National An incident during his first year at Berkeley Medal of Science in 1975. He was the author became a math-world legend. of the pioneering book "Linear Programming and Extensions" (1963), updated in 1997 and As Dr. Dantzig recalled years later, he arrived 2003, and he co-authored "Compact City" late for class one day and saw two problems (1973). He had been working on a science on the blackboard that he assumed were fiction novel in recent years, "In His Own homework assignments. He copied them Image," about a plague that wipes out down, took them home and solved them after mankind. a few days. "The problems seemed to be a little harder to do than usual," he said. On a Sources: Sunday morning six weeks later, an excited http://www.informs.org/Press/dantzigobit.htm Neyman banged on his student's front door, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- eager to tell him that the homework problems dyn/content/article/2005/05/18/AR2005051802 he had solved were two of the most famous 171.html .