Today’s Smartphone Architecture Malik Wallace Rafael Calderon Agenda History Hardware Future What is a Smartphone? Internals of Smartphones - SoC Future Technologies Smartphone Innovations CPU Architecture Today’s Smartphones Supported ISA Examples What is a Smartphone? It is a cellphone and PDA combined with additional computer-like features Initially cellphones were only able to make calls, and PDAs were only able to store contact information and create to-do lists Over time people wanted wireless connectivity, which was restricted to computers and laptops, integrated onto PDAs and cellphones thus came the smartphone Smartphone Innovations - Timeline 1993 2007 The First Smartphone - IBM Simon The iPhone with iOS, first phone with multi-touch capabilities 1996 Nokia’s First Smartphone 2008 HTC Dream with Android OS 1997 Ericsson GS88 - The first device labeled as a smartphone 2000 Symbian OS 2001 Windows CE Pocket PC OS 2002 Palm OS and Blackberry OS Today’s Smartphones Dominated by Android and Apple Features rich user interface with a variety of applications that integrate with the phone's architecture. Utilizes specific mobile operating systems which combines the features of personal computers with those of mobile phones. Built for efficiency, meant to use the least amount of power as possible (debatable!) Let’s Talk about the Hardware System-on-Chip (SoC) In order to maintain portability and lower power consumption system-on-chips were the chosen IC for smartphones CPU I/O GPU Networking Memory Anything extra Busses and Channels Harvard Architecture Instructions and data are treated the same Instructions are read and accessed just like data However... Each have a separate memory and bus system Each can be accessed simultaneously ARM big.LITTLE General concept: Pair a more powerful (big) core with a low powered, energy-efficient core (LITTLE). The computer sees this thing as one multi-core system. Any menial tasks sent to the bigger core will be processed by the low-powered core without spending any resources on the larger main core. Both cores access the same memory system, but they retain their own memory caches. The Global Task Scheduler (GTS) sends tasks to a specific core depending on the intensity of the power consumption of each core. The cores are never both on at the same time, but ARM has left “an open door” to developers who wish to operate the system this way. ARMv8-A: Supporting 64-bits Introduces 64-bit support Maintains and enhances 32-bit support Focuses on a power efficient implementation Utilizes larger registers for general purpose and media instructions ARMv8-A: Details ARMv8-A introduces 64-bit architecture support to the ARM architecture and includes: ● 64-bit general purpose registers, SP (stack pointer) and PC (program counter) ● 64-bit data processing and extended virtual addressing Two main execution states: ● AArch64 - The 64-bit execution state including exception model, memory model, programmers' model and instruction set support for that state ● AArch32 - The 32-bit execution state including exception model, memory model, programmers' model and instruction set support for that state Apple A9 “Twister” Processor Dual Cores ARM big.LITTLE ARMv8-A Apple A9’s Cache L1- Separate L2- Unified L3- Unified (Victim Cache) Qualcomm Snapdragon 820 Kryo Processor Quad Cores (2 lower clocked, 2 higher clocked) Harvard ARMv8-A Qualcomm Snapdragon 820’s Cache L1 - Separate L2 - Unified Has the Smartphone Reached Its Peak? Future Technologies Smartphones and their ecosystems are firmly established Efforts are being focused on furthering the development of - Wearables - Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) - Internet of Things (IoT) References http://cellphones.about.com/od/smartphonebasics/a/what_is_smart.htm http://www.bitrebels.com/technology/the-evolution-of-smartphones-infographic/ http://www.ubergizmo.com/what-is/system-on-a-chip/ http://www.arm.com/products/processors/armv8-architecture.php http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.faqs/3738.html https://www.arm.com/products/processors/technologies/biglittleprocessing.php http://system-on-a-chip.specout.com/l/1172/Apple-A9-APL0898 http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/apple-iphone-6s-6s-plus,4437-6.html http://system-on-a-chip.specout.com/l/1170/Qualcomm-Snapdragon-820-MSM8996 http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/snapdragon-820-performance-preview,4389-2.html http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/6/7500743/ces-2015-internet-of-things-advanced-driver-assistance http://www.ubergizmo.com/2013/01/what-is-arm-big-little/ http://www.slideshare.net/matungaolson/von-neumann-vs-harvard-architecture Questions?.