SALINE WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL AND LOW-COST DURABLE HOUSING TECHNOLOGY FOR COASTAL AREAS OF BANGLADESH Fact Finding Report Low-cost housing technology solutions KICT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures........................................................................................................................ 4 1. Background ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Geo-Climatic context of Bangladesh ............................................................................................ 7 1.1.1 Satkhira District ....................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2 Bagerhat District ...................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Current status of Housing in coastal areas .................................................................................. 10 1.2.1 Housing-Related Challenges .................................................................................... 10 1.3 Current building methods and materials ..................................................................................... 14 2. Material study .................................................................................................................. 16 3. Field survey ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Field study ................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.1 Southern coastal region of bangladesh ....................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Securing housing durability ..................................................................................... 23 3.2 First Field survey ........................................................................................................................ 25 3.2.1 Village Kaya bunia under Chadpai union, Mongla Upazila, Bagerhat- Coastal area ........ 27 3.2.2 Village Shalabunia under Chadpai union, Mongla Upazila, Bagerhat – Coastal area ....... 30 3.2.3 Village Kamal Kathi under Chadpai union, Mongla Upazila, Bagerhat – Hilly area ........ 33 3.2.4 Village Kamal kathi under pabmapukur Union of Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira - flat area............................................................................................................................... 37 3.2.5 Village North Jhapa under pabmapukur Union of Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira – flat area............................................................................................................................... 40 3.2.6 Village Durgabati under Burigoalini Union of ShyamnagarUpazila of Satkhira - Coastal area............................................................................................................................... 44 3.3 Field study – Local infrastructure construction materials ........................................................... 48 3.3.1 City Tiles and the City Ceramic Company ................................................................. 48 3.3.2 Visit to the local factory of sintered brick and roof tiles in the Satkhira region ............... 50 3.4 Second Field trip survey ............................................................................................................. 52 4. Description of technology options ...................................................................................... 74 4.1 Materials ..................................................................................................................................... 74 4.1.1 Use of Current Materials for Durable Housing Construction ........................................ 74 4.1.2 Proposal of construction materials to secure economic efficiency and durability............. 79 4.2 Proposal ....................................................................................................................................... 82 5. Appendix – Field Survey Checklist .................................................................................. 100 2 | P a g e LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Selection criteria for local survey area ..................................................................................... 25 Table 2 Local housing survey lists ........................................................................................................ 26 Table 3 Summary of the feasibility survey information and sources .................................................... 53 Table 4 Village profile .......................................................................................................................... 54 Table 5 Family profile .......................................................................................................................... 56 Table 6 House structure type ................................................................................................................ 56 Table 7 Room Number Excluding the Kitchen ..................................................................................... 58 Table 8 Number of Window in the House ............................................................................................ 59 Table 9 Total Window Area ................................................................................................................. 59 Table 10 Way of closing the window ................................................................................................... 60 Table 11 Ground to Floor (Plinth of House) Height ............................................................................. 60 Table 12 Position of Kitchen ................................................................................................................ 61 Table 13 Facade of the house ................................................................................................................ 61 Table 14 Ventilation ............................................................................................................................. 62 Table 15 Use of Technology for ventilation ......................................................................................... 63 Table 16 Materials of Roofs of houses ................................................................................................. 63 Table 17 Materials of the Floors of the houses ..................................................................................... 65 Table 18 Materials of inner walls of houses ......................................................................................... 65 Table 19 Number of Cracks in Roof ..................................................................................................... 67 Table 20 Number of cracks in a wall .................................................................................................... 69 Table 21 Average Expenditure for House Repairs ............................................................................... 71 Table 22 Main Fuel for Cooking........................................................................................................... 71 Table 23 Main source of water ............................................................................................................. 71 Table 24 Bath and other usable water sources ...................................................................................... 72 Table 25 Types of toilet ........................................................................................................................ 73 3 | P a g e LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Satkhira District climate table .................................................................................................. 8 Figure 2 Bagerhat District climate table ................................................................................................. 9 Figure 3 Proportion of the population Extreme Poor 2005 ................................................................... 11 Figure 4 Migration rates by natural disaster 2012 ................................................................................ 11 Figure 5 Disaster induced human migration ......................................................................................... 12 Figure 6 Coastal zone affected by Salinity (source: Islam and Gnauck 2010) ..................................... 13 Figure 7 Current residential status in coastal zone in Bangladesh ........................................................ 14 Figure 8 Bamboo leaves wall structure ................................................................................................ 15 Figure 9 Gol pata roof and bamboo wall configurations ...................................................................... 15 Figure 10 Field survey area ................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 11 Flooded area during rainfall season ...................................................................................... 22 Figure 12 Factors affecting the durability of housing construction ...................................................... 23 Figure 13 Economic factors