ICES COOPERATIVE RESEARCH REPORT RAPPORT DES RECHERCHES COLLECTIVES NO. 231 STATUS OF INTRODUCTIONS OF NON-INDIGENOUS MARINE SPECIES TO NORTH ATLANTIC WATERS 1981–1991 Editors: Dr A.L.S. Munro, Dr S.D. Utting, and Prof. I. Wallentinus International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer ISSN 2707-7144 ISBN 978-87-7482-438-1 Palægade 2–4 DK-1261 Copenhagen K Denmark https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5362 May 1999 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page FOREWORD.................................................................................................................................................... iii 1 INTRODUCTION AND TRANSFER OF PLANTS...............................................................................1 1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Introduced Species in the Different Countries ............................................................................................. 1 1.2.1 Belgium....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Canada......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.3 Marine species, including phytoplankton, in the Laurentian Great Lakes (Canada and USA) ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.4 Denmark...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.5 The Faroe Islands ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.2.6 Finland........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2.7 France.......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.8 Germany...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.9 Iceland......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.10 Ireland......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.11 The Netherlands .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.2.12 Norway........................................................................................................................................ 9 1.2.13 Poland........................................................................................................................................ 10 1.2.14 Portugal..................................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.15 Spain.......................................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.16 Sweden...................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.17 United Kingdom (including the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man)..................................... 12 1.2.18 USA........................................................................................................................................... 14 1.2.19 USSR......................................................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Tables 1.1–1.7 .......................................................................................................................................... 19 2 STATUS OF THE INVASION OF THE GREEN ALGA CAULERPA TAXIFOLIA IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND PROSPECTS FOR THE INVASION OF WESTERN EUROPE ....26 2.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 26 2.2 Taxonomy and Distribution of the Genus Caulerpa................................................................................... 26 2.3 Mediterranean Caulerpa Species................................................................................................................ 27 2.4 Drastic Increases, New or Cyclic Appearances of Caulerpa Species......................................................... 27 2.5 Sizes and Growth Rates ............................................................................................................................. 27 2.6 Temperature Tolerance and Other Factors Affecting Growth and Distribution ........................................ 28 2.7 Toxicity/Palatability................................................................................................................................... 28 2.8 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................... 29 Tables 2.1–2.3 .......................................................................................................................................... 30 2.9 References .......................................................................................................................................... 32 3 SUMMARY OF INVERTEBRATE INTRODUCTIONS AND TRANSFERS....................................44 3.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................44 3.2 Introduced Species in the Different Countries.............................................................................44 3.2.1 Belgium........................................................................................................................44 3.2.2 Canada..........................................................................................................................45 3.2.3 Denmark .......................................................................................................................45 3.2.4 Finland..........................................................................................................................46 3.2.5 France...........................................................................................................................46 3.2.6 Germany .......................................................................................................................46 3.2.7 Iceland..........................................................................................................................46 3.2.8 Ireland...........................................................................................................................46 3.2.9 The Netherlands............................................................................................................47 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Section Page 3.2.10 Norway .........................................................................................................................47 3.2.11 Poland...........................................................................................................................47 3.2.12 Portugal ........................................................................................................................47 3.2.13 Spain.............................................................................................................................47 3.2.14 Sweden .........................................................................................................................47 3.2.15 United Kingdom ...........................................................................................................48 3.2.16 United States.................................................................................................................48 Tables 3.1–3.3 ..............................................................................................................................50 4 SUMMARY OF FISH INTRODUCTIONS AND TRANSFERS.........................................................68 4.1 Belgium ..............................................................................................................................68 4.2 Canada ..............................................................................................................................68 4.3 Introductions to the Great Lakes..................................................................................................69 4.4 Denmark ..............................................................................................................................69 4.5 Finland ..............................................................................................................................69 4.6 France ..............................................................................................................................70